BIOTIC

BIOTIC Species Information for Paludinella litorina
All Taxonomy Biology Distribution Reproduction

Researched by	Nicola White	Data supplied by	MarLIN
Refereed by	Dennis R. Seaward
Distribution and Habitat
Distribution in Britain & Ireland	Recorded from the Isle of Wight, the Fleet, North Devon, South Devon, Pembrokeshire, Cornwall and Isles of Scilly.
Global distribution	Primarily a Mediterranean species (absent from the Black Sea) which extends along Eastern Atlantic coasts from Madeira north to a limit on the south coast of England.
Biogeographic range	Not researched	Depth range	Not relevant
Migratory	Non-migratory / Resident
Distribution Additional Information	Paludinella litorina is probably under-recorded due to its small size, inaccessible habitat and the similarity of its shell to that of Littorina saxatilis. An update on the distribution of Paludinella litorina has been compiled by Light & Killeen (2001). Frequent molluscan associates are the pulmonate Otina ovata in the crevice or cave habitat, and the pulmonates Ovatella myosotis and Leucophytia bidentata and prosobranch Truncatella subcylindrica in shingle interstices. Other species particularly associated with Paludinella litorina are the Isopoda Ligia oceanica in cave habitats (unless Ligia oceanica is excessively dominant, then Paludinella litorina is excluded), and Bdella mites in the interstitial habitat of the upper shore shingle or boulders (Light & Killeen, 2001).

Substratum preferences	Bedrock Caves Under boulders Crevices / fissures Gravel / shingle	Physiographic preferences	Open coast Isolated saline water (Lagoon)
Biological zone	Supralittoral Upper Littoral Fringe Lower Littoral Fringe	Wave exposure	Sheltered
Tidal stream strength/Water flow	Weak (<1 kn) Very Weak (negligible)	Salinity	Variable (18-40 psu)
Habitat Preferences Additional Information
Distribution References	Barnes, 1994, Light, 1998, Light & Killeen, 1997, Light & Killeen, 1998, Fretter & Graham, 1978, Seaward, 1991, Light & Killeen, 2001, Moore, 2002,