BIOTIC

BIOTIC Species Information for Conopeum reticulum
All Taxonomy Biology Distribution Reproduction

Researched by	Dr Harvey Tyler-Walters & Susie Ballerstedt	Data supplied by	MarLIN
Refereed by	Dr Peter J. Hayward
Distribution and Habitat
Distribution in Britain & Ireland	Recorded in a few locations on the west coast of Scotland (but probably more widespread (P. Hayward, pers. comm.)) and the north east of England. It is more common around the coast of Wales and along the south coast of Britain.
Global distribution	Present in the Kattegat and shores of the southern North Sea. Recently recorded in the western Mediterranean.
Biogeographic range	Not researched	Depth range	Intertidal to at least 42m
Migratory
Distribution Additional Information	The distribution may be imprecise since Conopeum reticulum is frequently confused with other species but it is probably common off all British coasts (Hayward & Ryland, 1998). Conopeum reticulum has been reported from a wide variety of hard substrata including boulders, cobbles, shell and small stones on sediment, as well as the shells of %Mytilus edulis%. Colonies inhabiting stones and cobbles are probably ephemeral, removed by abrasion and rolling during winter storms. Grant & Hayward (1985) reported Conopeum reticulum in shallow water bryozoan assemblages in the English Channel at a mean depth of 42m.

Substratum preferences	Algae Artificial (e.g. metal/wood/concrete) Bedrock Caves Cobbles Large to very large boulders Other species (see additional information) Overhangs Pebbles Rockpools Small boulders Under boulders	Physiographic preferences	Estuary Open coast Strait / sound Ria / Voe Enclosed coast / Embayment
Biological zone	Lower Eulittoral Sublittoral Fringe Upper Infralittoral Lower Infralittoral	Wave exposure	Exposed Moderately Exposed Sheltered Very Sheltered Extremely Sheltered
Tidal stream strength/Water flow	Strong (3-6 kn) Moderately Strong (1-3 kn) Weak (<1 kn)	Salinity	Variable (18-40 psu) Full (30-40 psu) Reduced (18-30 psu)
Habitat Preferences Additional Information
Distribution References	Hayward et al., 1996, Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, Hayward & Ryland, 1998, NBN, 2002, Ryland, 1970, Ryland, 1976, Grant & Hayward, 1985, Cook, 1964, JNCC, 1999, JNCC, 1999, Hincks, 1880, Ryland, 1967,