BIOTIC

BIOTIC Species Information for Caryophyllia smithii
All Taxonomy Biology Distribution Reproduction

Researched by	Paul Gregory	Data supplied by	MarLIN
Refereed by	This information is not refereed.
Distribution and Habitat
Distribution in Britain & Ireland	Found from Shetland, north eastern England, the south west, Wales, Ireland and north western Scotland.
Global distribution	Abundant around south west Europe and the Mediterranean and also found in Denmark (Hayward & Ryland, 1995b; Tendal & Nielsen, 1997).
Biogeographic range	Not researched	Depth range	Caryophyllia smithii var clavus can be found at >1000 m depth (Manuel, 1988).
Migratory	Non-migratory / Resident
Distribution Additional Information	None entered

Substratum preferences	Bedrock Large to very large boulders Cobbles Other species (see additional information)	Physiographic preferences
Biological zone		Wave exposure
Tidal stream strength/Water flow		Salinity
Habitat Preferences Additional Information	It is found on hard bits in sandy areas, mud between boulders etc. (Wilson, 1975). The upper limit of Caryophyllia smithii var clavus is determined by water turbulence as this form is susceptible to dislodgement due to its narrow base. However, free living forms are often found on the seabed as a result of such breakage (Manuel, 1988). Generally smaller size with increased sedimentation although taller height to escape smothering (Bell & Turner, 2000).
Distribution References	Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, Hayward et al., 1996, Gibson et al., 2001, Howson & Picton, 1999, Manuel, 1988, Manuel, 1983, Hiscock & Howlett, 1976, Tendal & Nielsen, 1997, Wilson, 1975, Fish & Fish, 1996,