BIOTIC Species Information for Victorella pavida
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Researched by | Michelle Carter & Angus Jackson | Data supplied by | MarLIN | ||||||||||||
Refereed by | This information is not refereed. | ||||||||||||||
Taxonomy | |||||||||||||||
Scientific name | Victorella pavida | Common name | Trembling sea mat | ||||||||||||
MCS Code | Y100 | Recent Synonyms | None | ||||||||||||
Phylum | Bryozoa | Subphylum | |||||||||||||
Superclass | Class | Gymnolaemata | |||||||||||||
Subclass | Order | Ctenostomatida | |||||||||||||
Suborder | Carnosa | Family | Victorellidae | ||||||||||||
Genus | Victorella | Species | pavida | ||||||||||||
Subspecies | |||||||||||||||
Additional Information | No text entered | ||||||||||||||
Taxonomy References | Howson & Picton, 1997, Hayward, 1985, Gainey, 1997, Carter, 2004, | ||||||||||||||
General Biology | |||||||||||||||
Growth form | Mat |
Feeding method | Active suspension feeder |
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Mobility/Movement | Permanent attachment |
Environmental position | Epifaunal Epilithic Epiphytic |
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Typical food types | Microalgae, rotifers. | Habit | Attached | ||||||||||||
Bioturbator | Not relevant | Flexibility | Low (10-45 degrees) | ||||||||||||
Fragility | Intermediate | Size | Very small(<1cm) | ||||||||||||
Height | Growth Rate | 8 cm/month | |||||||||||||
Adult dispersal potential | Not researched | Dependency | See additional information | ||||||||||||
Sociability | Colonial | ||||||||||||||
Toxic/Poisonous? | No | ||||||||||||||
General Biology Additional Information | Environmental position Associated fauna Growth rate |
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Biology References | Carter, 2004, Evans et al., 2003, | ||||||||||||||
Distribution and Habitat | |||||||||||||||
Distribution in Britain & Ireland | In the British Isles, Victorella pavida is only found in Swanpool: a brackish water lagoon near Falmouth in Cornwall. | ||||||||||||||
Global distribution | Various sites on the southern shores of the North Sea on the European Mainland. Common in the Mediterranean. Also reported from India, the Black Sea, the Baltic, Brazil, the eastern United States and Japan. | ||||||||||||||
Biogeographic range | Not researched | Depth range | 5m | ||||||||||||
Migratory | Not relevant | ||||||||||||||
Distribution Additional Information | Salinity Substratum/habitat |
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Substratum preferences | Artificial (e.g. metal/wood/concrete) Other species (see additional information) Mixed |
Physiographic preferences | Isolated saline water (Lagoon) |
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Biological zone | Lagoonal |
Wave exposure | Not relevant |
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Tidal stream strength/Water flow | Insufficient information |
Salinity | See additional Information |
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Habitat Preferences Additional Information | |||||||||||||||
Distribution References | Hayward, 1985, Carter, 2004, Dorey et al., 1973, | ||||||||||||||
Reproduction/Life History | |||||||||||||||
Reproductive type | Protandrous hermaphrodite |
Developmental mechanism | Lecithotrophic |
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Reproductive Season | June to September | Reproductive Location | |||||||||||||
Reproductive frequency | Regeneration potential | No | |||||||||||||
Life span | See additional information | Age at reproductive maturity | <1 year | ||||||||||||
Generation time | <1 year | Fecundity | Ca 25 eggs per gravid zooid | ||||||||||||
Egg/propagule size | Fertilization type | ||||||||||||||
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Reproduction Preferences Additional Information | Life span The life span of an individual zooid has not been researched in this species. Generally, the polypides (combined lophophore and gut) of individual zooids within a bryozoan colony have the potential to undergo a cyclical degeneration and regeneration process. Polypides may last for one week up to 10 weeks (Reed, 1991). With respect to the life span of a Victorella pavida colony, new colonies emerge from dormancy during the spring and when temperatures are approximately 13°C. By November and the onset of winter, zooids begin to degenerate and eventually only the asexually produced dormant resting bodies (hibernacula) remain. The hibernacula germinate again in the spring and the cycle begins again (Carter, 2004). Reproduction frequency Approximately 25 eggs can be produced per gravid zooid (Carter, 2004). Overall colony fecundity, therefore, varies with size of the colony. |
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Reproduction References | Reed, 1991, Carter, 2004, |