Circalittoral cliff face with dense brachiopods Neocrania anomala and Terebratulina retusa, the anemone Protanthea simplex and the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Loch Duich, Highland.
Deep water coral reef habitat dominated by Lophelia pertusa. Image provided by Dr Brian Bett, DEEPSEAS Group, Southampton Oceanography Centre. This image must not be used in any capacity without prior permission from Dr Brian Bett.
Faunal and algal crusts, Echinus esculentus, sparse Alcyonium digitatum, Abietinaria abietina and other grazing-tolerant fauna on moderately exposed circalittoral rock.
Yellow lichens (Caloplaca sp. and Xanthoria sp.) on supralittoral rock.
Copyright: Judith Oakley
Alcyonium digitatum, Pomatoceros triqueter, algal and bryozoan crusts on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Kophobelemnon field on Altantic mid or upper bathyal mud
Kophobelemnon field on Altantic mid or upper bathyal mud
Neocrania anomala, Dendrodoa grossularia and Sarcodictyon roseum on variable salinity circalittoral rock
Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra on sublittoral mixed sediment
Pheronema carpenteri field
Pheronema carpenteri field
Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on circalittoral rock.
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
A bed of Zostera noltei with Hydrobia ulvae visible on the mud surface.
Close view of Mytilus and dense barnacles covering rock surface.
Section of Lophelia pertusa reef, Mingulay, Scotland.
Sublittoral seagrass beds
[A2-821_LR-FLR-Eph-EphX_JNCC]
[A2-322_LS-LMu-UEst-Hed_200510_Keith_Hiscock]
Alaria esculenta on exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
Alcyonium digitatum and Metridium senile on moderately wave-exposed circalittoral steel wrecks
Alcyonium digitatum and faunal crust communities on vertical circalittoral bedrock
Alcyonium digitatum and faunal crust communities on vertical circalittoral bedrock
Alcyonium digitatum and faunal crust communities on vertical circalittoral bedrock with Palinurus elephas
Alcyonium digitatum with Securiflustra securifrons on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Alcyonium digitatum with dense Tubularia indivisa and anemones on strongly tide-swept circalittoral rock.
Alcyonium digitatum, Pomatoceros triqueter, algal and bryozoan crusts on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Alcyonium digitatum, Pomatoceros triqueter, algal and bryozoan crusts on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus on variable salinity mid eulittoral rock
Ascophyllum nodosum on full salinity mid eulittoral mixed substrata
Ascophyllum nodosum on full salinity mid eulittoral rock
Ascophyllum nodosum on very sheltered mid eulittoral rock
Ascophyllum nodosum on very sheltered mid eulittoral rock
Ascophyllum nodosum, sponges and ascidians on tide-swept mid eulittoral rock
Ascophyllum nodosum, sponges and ascidians on tide-swept mid eulittoral rock
Ascophyllum nodosum, sponges and ascidians on tide-swept mid eulittoral rock
Balanus crenatus and Tubularia indivisa on extremely tide-swept circalittoral rock
Balanus crenatus and Tubularia indivisa on extremely tide-swept circalittoral rock
Beggiatoa spp. on anoxic sublittoral mud
Bifurcaria bifurcata in shallow eulittoral rockpools
Bifurcaria bifurcata in shallow eulittoral rockpools
Bifurcaria bifurcata in shallow eulittoral rockpools
Branchiostoma lanceolatum on circalittoral coarse sand with shell gravel
Caryophyllia smithii and Swiftia pallida on circalittoral rock
Caryophyllia smithii with faunal and algal crusts on moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Caryophyllia smithii, Swiftia pallida and large solitary ascidians on exposed or moderately exposed circalittoral rock
Cerastoderma edule and polychaetes in littoral muddy sand
Cerastoderma edule and polychaetes in littoral muddy sand
Cerastoderma edule and polychaetes in littoral muddy sand
Cerianthus lloydii and other burrowing anemones in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment
Cerianthus lloydii with Nemertesia spp. and other hydroids in circalittoral muddy mixed sediment
Chthamalus spp. and Lichina pygmaea on steep exposed upper eulittoral rock.
Chthamalus spp. and Lichina pygmaea on steep exposed upper eulittoral rock.
Chthamalus spp. and Lichina pygmaea on steep exposed upper eulittoral rock.
Chthamalus spp. on exposed eulittoral rock
Chthamalus spp. on exposed eulittoral rock
Chthamalus spp. on exposed upper eulittoral rock
Chthamalus spp. on exposed upper eulittoral rock
Crepidula fornicata and Mediomastus fragilis in variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment
Crepidula fornicata and Mediomastus fragilis in variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment
Cystoseira spp. in eulittoral rockpools
Cystoseira spp. in eulittoral rockpools with Corallina officinalis
Dendrodoa grossularia and Clathrina coriacea on wave-surged vertical infralittoral rock
Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Flustra foliacea and Haliclona oculata with a rich faunal turf on tide-swept circalittoral mixed substrata
Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Flustra foliacea and colonial ascidians on tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Fucus ceranoides and Enteromorpha spp. on low salinity infralittoral rock
Fucus ceranoides on reduced salinity eulittoral rock
Fucus ceranoides on reduced salinity eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus and large Mytilus edulis on variable salinity lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus and large Mytilus edulis on variable salinity lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus and piddocks on lower eulittoral soft rock
Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus and red seaweeds on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus on full salinity sheltered lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus on moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus on sheltered lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus on sheltered lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus on sheltered lower eulittoral rock
Fucus serratus, sponges and ascidians on tide-swept lower eulittoral rock
Fucus spiralis on exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock
Fucus spiralis on exposed to moderately exposed upper eulittoral rock
Fucus spiralis on full salinity sheltered upper eulittoral rock
Fucus spiralis on full salinity sheltered upper eulittoral rock
Fucus spiralis on full salinity sheltered upper eulittoral rock
Fucus spiralis on full salinity upper eulittoral mixed substrata
Fucus spiralis on sheltered upper eulittoral rock
Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
Fucus vesiculosus and barnacle mosaics on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
Fucus vesiculosus on full salinity moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock
Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed substrata
Fucus vesiculosus on mid eulittoral mixed substrata.
Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock
Fucus vesiculosus on moderately exposed to sheltered mid eulittoral rock
Geodia and other massive sponges on Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal sediment
Geodia and other massive sponges on Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal sediment
Geodia and other massive sponges on Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal sediment
Geodia and other massive sponges on Atlanto-Arctic upper bathyal sediment
Hartlaubella gelatinosa and Conopeum reticulum on low salinity infralittoral mixed substrata
Hediste diversicolor and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral sandy mud
Hediste diversicolor and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral sandy mud
Hediste diversicolor and Streblospio shrubsolii in littoral sandy mud
Hediste diversicolor and oligochaetes in littoral mud
Hediste diversicolor in littoral mud
Hediste diversicolor in littoral mud
Hediste diversicolor, Macoma balthica and Scrobicularia plana in littoral sandy mud
Hediste diversicolor, Macoma balthica and Scrobicularia plana in littoral sandy mud
Hediste diversicolor, Macoma balthica and Scrobicularia plana in littoral sandy mud
Kophobelemnon field on Altantic mid or upper bathyal mud
Kophobelemnon field on Altantic mid or upper bathyal mud
Lagis koreni and Phaxas pellucidus in circalittoral sandy mud
Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders
Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders
Laminaria digitata and under-boulder fauna on sublittoral fringe boulders
Laminaria digitata, ascidians and bryozoans on tide-swept sublittoral fringe rock
Laminaria digitata, ascidians and bryozoans on tide-swept sublittoral fringe rock
Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea forest and foliose red seaweeds on moderately exposed upper infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea forest with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed upper infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea forest, foliose red seaweeds and a diverse fauna on tide-swept upper infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea forest, foliose red seaweeds and a diverse fauna on tide-swept upper infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea forest, foliose red seaweeds and a diverse fauna on tide-swept upper infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea on tide-swept, infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea park with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea park with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea park with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea park with hydroids, bryozoans and sponges on tide-swept lower infralittoral rock
Laminaria hyperborea park with hydroids, bryozoans and sponges on tide-swept lower infralittoral rock
Laminaria saccharina and Chorda filum on sheltered upper infralittoral muddy sediment
Laminaria saccharina and Laminaria digitata on sheltered sublittoral fringe rock
Laminaria saccharina and Laminaria digitata on sheltered sublittoral fringe rock
Limaria hians beds in tide-swept sublittoral muddy mixed sediment
Limecola balthica and Arenicola marina in littoral muddy sand
Limecola balthica and Arenicola marina in littoral muddy sand
Limecola balthica and Arenicola marina in littoral muddy sand
Lithothamnion corallioides maerl beds on infralittoral muddy gravel
Lithothamnion corallioides maerl beds on infralittoral muddy gravel
Lithothamnion glaciale maerl beds in tide-swept variable salinity infralittoral gravel
Lithothamnion glaciale maerl beds in tide-swept variable salinity infralittoral gravel
Lithothamnion glaciale maerl beds in tide-swept variable salinity infralittoral gravel
Lithothamnion glaciale maerl beds in tide-swept variable salinity infralittoral gravel
Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Mastocarpus stellatus and Chondrus crispus on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Mediomastus fragilis, Lumbrineris spp. and venerid bivalves in circalittoral coarse sand or gravel
Melinna palmata with Magelona spp. and Thyasira spp. in infralittoral sandy mud
Modiolus modiolus beds with Chlamys varia, sponges, hydroids and bryozoans on slightly tide-swept very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
Modiolus modiolus beds with fine hydroids and large solitary ascidians on very sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
Mytilus edulis and barnacles on very exposed eulittoral rock
Mytilus edulis beds on sublittoral sediment
Neocrania anomala and Protanthea simplex on very wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
Neopentadactyla mixta in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand
Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra brittlestar beds on sublittoral mixed sediment
Ophiothrix fragilis bed.
Osmundea pinnatifida on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
Osmundea pinnatifida on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
Osmundea pinnatifida on moderately exposed mid eulittoral rock
Palmaria palmata on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Palmaria palmata on very exposed to moderately exposed lower eulittoral rock
Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock
Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock
Pelvetia canaliculata and barnacles on moderately exposed littoral fringe rock
Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock
Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock
Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered littoral fringe rock
Pelvetia canaliculata on sheltered variable salinity littoral fringe rock
Pheronema carpenteri field
Pheronema carpenteri field
Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand
Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand
Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand
Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds in infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand
Polyclinum aurantium and Flustra foliacea on sand-scoured tide-swept moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Porphyra purpurea and Enteromorpha spp. on sand-scoured mid or lower eulittoral rock
Porphyra purpurea and Enteromorpha spp. on sand-scoured mid or lower eulittoral rock
Porphyra purpurea and Enteromorpha spp. on sand-scoured mid or lower eulittoral rock
Prasiola stipitata on nitrate-enriched supralittoral or littoral fringe rock
Sabellaria alveolata reefs on sand-abraded eulittoral rock
Saccharina latissima and robust red algae on infralittoral gravel and pebble
Saccharina latissima and robust red algae on infralittoral gravel and pebble
Saccharina latissima on very sheltered infralittoral rock
Saccharina latissima, Chorda filum and dense red seaweeds on shallow unstable infralittoral boulders or cobbles
Sargassum muticum on shallow slightly tide-swept infralittoral mixed substrata
Semibalanus balanoides on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock
Semibalanus balanoides, Fucus vesiculosus and red seaweeds on exposed to moderately exposed eulittoral rock
Semibalanus balanoides, Patella vulgata and Littorina spp. on exposed to moderately exposed or vertical sheltered eulittoral rock
Tubularia indivisa on tide-swept circalittoral rock
Tubularia indivisa on tide-swept circalittoral rock
Tubularia indivisa on tide-swept circalittoral rock
Ulothrix flacca and Urospora spp. on freshwater-influenced vertical littoral fringe soft rock
Urticina felina and sand-tolerant fauna on sand-scoured or covered circalittoral rock
Verrucaria maura and sparse barnacles on exposed littoral fringe rock
Verrucaria maura and sparse barnacles on exposed littoral fringe rock
Verrucaria maura and sparse barnacles on exposed littoral fringe rock
Verrucaria maura on littoral fringe rock
Verrucaria maura on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock with littorinids
Zostera marina/angustifolia beds on lower shore or infralittoral clean or muddy sand
Zostera marina/angustifolia beds on lower shore or infralittoral clean or muddy sand
Alcyonium digitatum with a bryozoan, hydroid and ascidian turf on moderately exposed vertical infralittoral rock.
Ascophyllum nodosum with epiphytes.
Caryophyllia smithii, Swiftia pallida and Alcyonium glomeratum on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
Caryophyllia smithii, Swiftia pallida and Alcyonium glomeratum on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
Corynactis viridis and a mixed turf of crisiids, Bugula, Scrupocellaria, and Cellaria on moderately tide-swept exposed circalittoral rock
Corynactis viridis and a mixed turf of crisiids, Bugula, Scrupocellaria, and Cellaria on moderately tide-swept exposed circalittoral rock
Flustra foliacea on slightly scoured silty circalittoral rock.
Flustra foliacea on slightly scoured silty circalittoral rock.
Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders
Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders
Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders
Flustra foliacea, small solitary and colonial ascidians on tide-swept circalittoral bedrock or boulders
Hiatella arctica, bryozoans and ascidians on vertical infralittoral soft rock.
Laminaria saccharina and Psammechinus miliaris on variable salinity grazed infralittoral rock
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Leptometra celtica assemblage
Rhodochorton purpureum in upper littoral fringe soft rock caves.
Sabellaria alveolata growing on sand abraded eulittoral rocks.
Zostera noltei beds in littoral muddy sand
Angiosperm communities in reduced salinity
Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors
Barren and/or boulder-scoured littoral cave walls and floors
Barren littoral coarse sand
Barren littoral shingle
Barren littoral shingle
Barren littoral shingle
Barren or amphipod-dominated mobile sand shores
Black band of Verrucaria maura represents black lichen zone on very exposed to very sheltered upper littoral fringe rock
Boulder shore backed by low cliffs.
Brittlestars on faunal and algal encrusted exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock
Bryozoan turf and erect sponges on tide-swept circalittoral rock
Circalittoral caves and overhangs
Circalittoral faunal communities in variable salinity
Circalittoral faunal communities in variable salinity
Circalittoral faunal communities in variable salinity
Circalittoral mixed sediment
Circalittoral muddy sand
Cirratulids and Cerastoderma edule in littoral mixed sediment
Close up view of Hydrobia ulvae amongst blades of Zostera noltei.
Coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis in shallow eulittoral rockpools
Coralline crusts and Corallina officinalis in shallow eulittoral rockpools.
Coralline crusts in surge gullies and scoured infralittoral rock
Crustose sponges on extremely wave-surged infralittoral cave or gully walls
Crustose sponges on extremely wave-surged infralittoral cave or gully walls
Crustose sponges on extremely wave-surged infralittoral cave or gully walls
Cushion sponges and hydroids on turbid tide-swept sheltered circalittoral rock
Dense brittlestars with sparse Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis on sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
Dense brittlestars with sparse Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis on sheltered circalittoral mixed substrata
Echinoderms and crustose communities on circalittoral rock
Ephemeral green and red seaweeds on variable salinity and/or disturbed eulittoral mixed substrata
Ephemeral green and red seaweeds on variable salinity and/or disturbed eulittoral mixed substrata
Ephemeral green or red seaweed communities (freshwater or sand-influenced)
Faunal and algal crusts with Spirobranchus triqueter and sparse Alcyonium digitatum on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Faunal and algal crusts with Spirobranchus triqueter and sparse Alcyonium digitatum on exposed to moderately wave-exposed circalittoral rock
Faunal crusts on wave-surged littoral cave walls
Foliose red seaweeds on exposed lower infralittoral rock
Foliose seaweeds and coralline crusts in surge gully entrances
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea park with coralline crusts on lower infralittoral rock
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea park with coralline crusts on lower infralittoral rock
Grazed Saccharina latissima with Echinus, brittlestars and coralline crusts on sheltered infralittoral rock
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock.
Green algal films on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings
Green algal films on upper and mid-shore cave walls and ceilings
High energy littoral rock
High energy littoral rock, Eddystone, Plymouth.
Infralittoral coarse sediment
Infralittoral coarse sediment
Infralittoral mixed sediment
Infralittoral mixed sediment
Infralittoral surge gullies and caves
Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment
Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment
Kelp with cushion fauna and/or foliose red seaweeds
Kelp with cushion fauna and/or foliose red seaweeds
Kelp with cushion fauna and/or foliose red seaweeds
Littoral mud
Littoral overhang community.
Low energy littoral rock
Low energy littoral rock
Mixed Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria ochroleuca forest on moderately exposed or sheltered infralittoral rock
Mixed faunal turf communities
Mixed kelps with scour-tolerant and opportunistic foliose red seaweeds on scoured or sand-covered infralittoral rock
Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Cylista elegans on tide-swept ciraclittoral rock
Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Dysidea fragilis and Actinothoe sphyrodeta on tide-swept wave-exposed circalittoral rock.
Mixed turf of bryozoans and erect sponges with Dysidea fragilis and Actinothoe sphyrodeta on tide-swept wave-exposed circalittoral rock.
Mixed turf of hydroids and large ascidians with Swiftia pallida and Caryophyllia smithii on weakly tide-swept circalittoral rock
Mixed turf of hydroids and large ascidians with Swiftia pallida and Caryophyllia smithii on weakly tide-swept circalittoral rock
Moderate energy littoral rock
Moderate energy littoral rock
Mussel and/or barnacle communities
Mussels and fucoids on moderately exposed shores
Offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
Offshore circalittoral coarse sediment
Oligochaetes in variable salinity littoral mobile sand
Polychaetes in littoral fine sand
Polychaetes in littoral fine sand
Polychaetes in littoral fine sand
Polychaetes in littoral fine sand
Polychaetes in littoral fine sand
Red seaweeds and kelps on tide-swept mobile infralittoral cobbles and pebbles
Red seaweeds and kelps on tide-swept mobile infralittoral cobbles and pebbles
Seapens, including Funiculina quadrangularis, and burrowing megafauna in undisturbed circalittoral fine mud
Shingle (pebble) and gravel shores
Solitary ascidians, including Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis, on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
Solitary ascidians, including Ascidia mentula and Ciona intestinalis, with Antedon spp. on wave-sheltered circalittoral rock
Sparse Modiolus modiolus, dense Cerianthus lloydii and burrowing holothurians on sheltered circalittoral stones and mixed sediment
Sparse Modiolus modiolus, dense Cerianthus lloydii and burrowing holothurians on sheltered circalittoral stones and mixed sediment
Species-rich mixed sediment shores
Sponges and anemones on vertical circalittoral bedrock
Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves
Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves
Sponges, bryozoans and ascidians on deeply overhanging lower shore bedrock or caves
Sponges, cup corals and anthozoans on shaded or overhanging circalittoral rock
Sponges, cup corals and anthozoans on shaded or overhanging circalittoral rock
Sponges, shade-tolerant red seaweeds and Dendrodoa grossularia on wave-surged overhanging lower eulittoral bedrock and caves
Steep bedrock shore with Corallina officinalis.
Sublittoral coarse sediment (unstable cobbles and pebbles, gravels and coarse sands)
Sublittoral mixed sediment in low or reduced salinity (lagoons)
Very tide-swept faunal communities on circalittoral rock
Very tide-swept faunal communities on circalittoral rock
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Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and sponge crusts on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock.
Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and sponge crusts on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock.
Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and sponge crusts on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock.
Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and sponge crusts on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock.
Alaria esculenta forest with dense anemones and sponge crusts on extremely exposed infralittoral bedrock.
Alaria esculenta, Mytilus edulis and coralline crusts on very exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock
Alcyonium digitatum with a bryozoan, hydroid and ascidian turf on moderately exposed vertical infralittoral rock.
Alcyonium digitatum with a bryozoan, hydroid and ascidian turf on moderately exposed vertical infralittoral rock.
Alcyonium digitatum with a bryozoan, hydroid and ascidian turf on moderately exposed vertical infralittoral rock.
Ampharete falcata turf with Nephrops sp. from the southern edge of the north west Irish Sea.
Amphiura filiformis arms visible in circalittoral muddy sand.
Arenicola marina and synaptid holothurians in extremely shallow soft mud.
Bugula spp. and other bryozoans on vertical moderately exposed circalittoral rock
Cordylophora caspia and Electra crustulenta on reduced salinity infralittoral rock.
Crepidula fornicata and Aphelochaeta marioni in variable salinity infralittoral mixed sediment.
Echinocardium cordatum dug out of sand.
Edwardsia timida on sublittoral clean stone gravel.
Flustra foliacea and other hydroid/bryozoan turf species on slightly scoured circalittoral rock or mixed substrata
Flustra foliacea and other hydroid/bryozoan turf species on slightly scoured circalittoral rock or mixed substrata.
Fucus ceranoides near freshwater stream.
Halidrys on flat pebbles and gravel.
Hiatella arctica, bryozoans and ascidians on vertical infralittoral soft rock (IR.AlcByH.Hia).
Himanthalia elongata and Laminaria digitata on lower shore bedrock.
Laminaria hyperborea forest with a faunal cushion (sponges and polyclinids) and foliose red seaweeds on very exposed upper infralittoral rock.
Laminaria hyperborea forest with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed upper infralittoral rock (EIR.LhypR.Ft).
Laminaria hyperborea park with dense foliose red seaweeds on exposed upper infralittoral rock (EIR.LhypR.Pk).
Laminaria and Himanthalia elongata on coralline turf, Wembury.
Laminaria holdfasts and red algal undergrowth (EIR.LhypR.Ft.jpg).
Limaria hians in excavated "nest". Limaria hians bed colonized by Protanthea simplex in background.
Limaria hians bed colonized by Protanthea simplex in background." src="/assets/images/marlin/habitats/web/o_imx.lim2.jpg" />
Lithothamnion glaciale maerl beds in tide-swept variable salinity infralittoral gravel.
Lithothamnion glaciale nodules amongst pebbles with the sunstar Crossaster papposus, Isle of Lewis.
Modiolus modiolus beds with hydroids and red seaweeds on tide-swept circalittoral mixed substrata.
Molgula manhattensis dominated seabed, middle channel with associated common starfish Asterias rubens.
Mytilus edulis beds with hydroids and ascidians on tide-swept moderately exposed circalittoral rock.
Mytilus and fucoids.
Neopentadactyla mixta and venerid bivalves in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand.
Neopentadactyla mixta and venerid bivalves in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand.
Neopentadactyla mixta and venerid bivalves in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand.
Neopentadactyla mixta and venerid bivalves in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand.
Neopentadactyla mixta and venerid bivalves in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand.
Neopentadactyla mixta and venerid bivalves in circalittoral shell gravel or coarse sand.
Ophiocomina on cobbles and sediment (ECR.PomByC).
Ophiopholis aculeata beds on slightly tide-swept circalittoral rock or mixed substrata.
Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra beds on slightly tide-swept circalittoral rock or mixed substrata.
Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra beds on slightly tide-swept circalittoral rock or mixed substrata.
Ostrea edulis beds on shallow sublittoral muddy sediment.
Pennatula phosphorea and Turritella communis in muddy sediment.
Phymatolithon calcareum maerl beds with hydroids and echinoderms in deeper infralittoral clean gravel or coarse sand.
Polydora sp. tubes on upward-facing circalittoral soft rock, with the sponge Suberites sp. also present.
Polydora sp. tubes on upward-facing circalittoral soft rock.
Polydora sp. tubes on upward-facing circalittoral soft rock.
Puccinellia maritima salt marsh.
Ruppia maritima in reduced salinity infralittoral muddy sand.
Sabellaria spinulosa crusts on silty turbid circalittoral rock.
Sabellaria spinulosa crusts on silty turbid circalittoral rock.
Saccharina latissima and/or Saccorhiza polyschides on exposed infralittoral rock.
Saccharina latissima, Chorda filum and dense red seaweeds on shallow unstable infralittoral boulders or cobbles.
Saccharina latissima, Chorda filum and filamentous red seaweeds on sheltered infralittoral sediment
Saccharina latissima, Chorda filum and filamentous red seaweeds on sheltered infralittoral sediment.
Sargassum muticum in eulittoral rockpools.
Sargassum muticum in eulittoral rockpools.
Sargassum muticum in eulittoral rockpools.
Suaeda maritima, Atriplex prostrata and Puccinellia maritima community.
Suaeda maritima and Spartina salicornia.
Suberites spp. and other sponges with solitary ascidians on very sheltered circalittoral rock.
Urticina felina and Ciocalypta penicillus on sand-covered circalittoral rock (MCR.Urt.Cio).
Urticina felina on sand-scoured circalittoral rock.
Virgularia mirabilis, Cerianthus lloydii with Ophiocomina nigra on shelly muddy gravel.
A bed of fennel pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus.
A colony of tube worms forming a small reef, Loch Creran.
A dense mat of Ascophyllum nodosum mackaii.
A mat of the filamentous bacterium Beggiatoa spp.
A turf of Polyides rotundus, Furcellaria lumbricalis and filamentous brown algae.
A well developed overhang community with pendulous polyclinid tunicates.
Aggregation of Ocnus planci on broken shell and cobbles.
Aggregation of Ocnus planci on broken shell and cobbles.
Algae attached to rock including Halidrys.
An underboulder community.
Base of vertical chalk cliff showing green cover of Chrysophyceae.
Bedrock with the sea fan Eunicella verrucosa, the soft coral Alcyonium glomeratum and the stalked sponge Raspailia ramosa amongst a hydroid turf.
Circalittoral cliff face with dense brachiopods Neocrania anomala and Terebratulina retusa, the anemone Protanthea simplex and the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Loch Duich, Highland.
Circalittoral cliff with Protanthea simplex, Sabella pavonina, Ciona intestinalis and Ophiothrix fragilis.
Circalittoral rock with Antedon bifida, hydroids and occasional solitary sea squirts.
Close up of Sabellaria spinulosa mound showing worm tubes composed of cemented sand grains and shell fragments.
Close up of rock face with Corallina and Himanthalia (ELR.Coff).
Cobbles with dense Pomatoceros species (ECR.PomByC).
Cross section through the LMS.BatCor biotope.
Current swept bed of Zostera marina.
Current swept seagrass bed.
Deep water coral reef habitat dominated by Lophelia pertusa. Image provided by Dr Brian Bett, DEEPSEAS Group, Southampton Oceanography Centre. This image must not be used in any capacity without prior permission from Dr Brian Bett.
Dense Alcyonium and Eunicella.
Dense Alcyonium and Eunicella.
Dense Lanice conchilega and other polychaetes in tide-swept infralittoral sand.
Dense Lanice conchilega and other polychaetes in tide-swept infralittoral sand.
Dense aggregations of Littorina littorea on horizontal rock (SLR.Bllit).
Dense carpet of Ascophyllum nodosum ecad mackii.
Dense growths of Corynactis with sponge crusts.
Dense Lanice conchilega in muddy sand.
Dense Virgularia and Sagartiogeton.
Dense Virgularia and Sagartiogeton.
Diver surveying mounds of Sabellaria.
Edge of a Phragmites reed bed in February, Tamar Estuary.
Erect sponges, Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on slightly tide-swept moderately exposed circalittoral rock
Erect sponges, Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on slightly tide-swept moderately exposed circalittoral rock.
Erect sponges, Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on slightly tide-swept moderately exposed circalittoral rock
Erect sponges, Eunicella verrucosa and Pentapora foliacea on slightly tide-swept moderately exposed circalittoral rock
Exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock with Alaria esculenta, Isles of Scilly.
Exposed sublittoral fringe bedrock with Alaria esculenta.
Fallen chalk blocks covered in Enteromorpha.
Faunal and algal crusts, Echinus esculentus, sparse Alcyonium digitatum, Abietinaria abietina and other grazing-tolerant fauna on moderately exposed circalittoral rock.
Faunal dominated rock wall.
Foliose red seaweeds on exposed or moderately exposed lower infralittoral rock.
Fucoids and Chorda filum submerged.
Fucoids and kelps in deep eulittoral rockpools.
Fucoids and kelps in deep eulittoral rockpools.
Gaping file shell nest on mixed muddy substratum, with nest opened and Limaria hians exposed.
Gravel and sand shore.
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock.
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock.
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock.
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea park with coralline crusts on lower infralittoral rock.
Grazed Laminaria hyperborea forest with coralline crusts on upper infralittoral rock.
Green seaweeds (Enteromorpha spp. and Cladophora spp.) in upper shore rockpools
Green seaweeds (Enteromorpha spp. and Cladophora spp.) in upper shore rockpools.
Kelp forest exposed at low tide with rocky shore in background.