The Marine Life Information Network

Häfker, N.S. 2012. Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on blood and tissue physiology of the common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Masters thesis. Universtität Bremen.

Hédouin, L. & Gates, R.D., 2013. Assessing fertilization success of the coral Montipora capitata under copper exposure: Does the night of spawning matter? Marine Pollution Bulletin, 66 (1), 221-224. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.11.020

Höffle, H., Thomsen, M.S. & Holmer, M., 2011. High mortality of Zostera marina under high temperature regimes but minor effects of the invasive macroalgae Gracilaria vermiculophylla. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 92 (1), 35-46. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2010.12.017

Haag, R.W. & Gorham, P.R., 1977. Effects of thermal effluent on standing crop and net production of Elodea canalensis and other submerged macrophytes in Lake Wabaman, Alberta. Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 835-851.

Haahti, H. & Perttila, M., 1988. Levels and trends of organochlorines in cod and herring in the northern Baltic. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 19(1), 29-32.

Hagen, K.D. & Nelson, D.C., 1997. Use of reduced sulfur compounds by Beggiatoa spp.: enzymology and physiology of marine and freshwater strains in homogeneous and gradient cultures. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63, 3957-3964.

Hagen, N., 1997. Sea urchin outbreaks and epizootic disease as regulating mechanisms in coastal ecosystems. Oceanographic Literature Review, 2 (44), 131.

Hagen, N.T., 1995. Recurrent destructive grazing of successionally immature kelp forests by green sea urchins in Vestfjorden, Northern Norway. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 123, 95-106.

Hagerman, L. & Szaniawska, A., 1986. Behaviour, tolerance and anaerobic metabolism under hypoxia in the brackish-water shrimp Crangon crangon. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 34, 125-132.

Hagerman, L. & Vismann, B., 1995. Anaerobic metabolism in the shrimp Crangon crangon exposed to hypoxia, anoxia and hydrogen sulfide. Marine Biology, 123, 235-240.

Hagerman, L., 1968. The ostracod fauna of Corallina officinalis L. in western Norway. Sarsia, 36, 49-54.

Haglund, K., Axelsson, L. & Pedersen, M., 1987. Photosynthesis and respiration in the alga Ahnfeltia plicata in a flow through system. Marine Biology, 96, 409-412.

Haig, J.A., Gillanders, B.M. & Rouse, G.W., 2012. Live fast, die young: the life cycle of the brooding feather star Aporometra wilsoni (Echinodermata: Crinoidea). Invertebrate Biology, 131 (3), 235-243. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2012.00270.x

Hailey, N., 1995. Likely impacts of oil and gas activities on the marine environment and integration of environmental considerations in licensing policy. English Nature Research Report, no 145., Peterborough: English Nature.

Hailey, N., 1995. Likely impacts of oil and gas activities on the marine environment and integration of environmental considerations in licensing policy. English Nature Research Report, no 145., Peterborough: English Nature.

Hajdu, E., Castello-Branco, C., Lopes, D.A., Sumida, P.Y.G. & Perez, J.A.A., 2017. Deep-sea dives reveal an unexpected hexactinellid sponge garden on the Rio Grande Rise (SW Atlantic). A mimicking habitat?. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 146, 93-100. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.11.009

Haka, P., Holopainen, I.J., Ikonen, E., et al., 1974. Paarjarven pohjaelaimiste. Luonnon Tutk., 78, 157-173.

Halcrow, K., 1985. The fine structure of the pore canals of the Talitrid amphipod Hyale nilssoni (Rathke). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 5, 606-615.

Hale, R., Calosi, P., McNeill, L., Mieszkowska, N. & Widdicombe, S., 2011. Predicted levels of future ocean acidification and temperature rise could alter community structure and biodiversity in marine benthic communities. Oikos, 120 (5), 661-674. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2010.19469.x

Hales, J. & Fletcher, R., 1989. Studies on the recently introduced brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt. Botanica Marina, 32 (2), 167-176.

Hales, J. M., & Fletcher, R. L., 1989. Studies on the recently introduced brown alga Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt. Botanica Marina, 32(2), 167-176.

Halfar, J., Zack, T., Kronz, A. & Zachos, J.C. 2000. Growth and high-resolution paleoenvironmental signals of rhodoliths (coralline red algae): a new biogenic archive. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105, 107-116.

Hall, J.A. & Frid, C.L.J. 1998. Colonisation patterns of adult macrobenthos in a polluted North Sea Estuary. Aquatic Ecology, 31, 333-340.

Hall, J.A. & Frid, C.L.J., 1995. Response of estuarine benthic macrofauna in copper-contaminated sediments to remediation of sediment quality. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 30 (11), 694-700. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(95)00051-n

Hall, J.A. & Frid, C.L.J., 1997. Benthic community structure and sediment heavy metal concentrations in two estuaries in NE England. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumbria, 57, 207-236.

Hall, K., Paramour, O.A.L., Robinson, L.A., Winrow-Giffin, A., Frid, C.L.J., Eno, N.C., Dernie, K.M., Sharp, R.A.M., Wyn, G.C. & Ramsay, K., 2008. Mapping the sensitivity of benthic habitats to fishing in Welsh waters - development of a protocol. CCW (Policy Research) Report No: 8/12, Countryside Council for Wales (CCW), Bangor, 85 pp. 

Hall, S.J. & Harding, M.J.C., 1997. Physical disturbance and marine benthic communities: the effects of mechanical harvesting of cockles on non-target benthic infauna. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 497-517.

Hall, S.J., 1994. Physical disturbance and marine benthic communities: life in unconsolidated sediments. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 32, 179-239.

Hall, S.J., Basford, D.J. & Robertson, M.R., 1990. The impact of hydraulic dredging for razor clams Ensis spp. on an infaunal community. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 27, 119-125.

Hall, S.J., Basford, D.J., Robertson, M.R., Raffaelli, D.G. & Tuck, I., 1991. Patterns of recolonisation and the importance of pit-digging by the crab Cancer pagurus in a subtidal sand habitat. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 72, 93-102.

Hall-Spencer J., Kelly J. and Maggs C. 2010. Background document for Maerl Beds. OSPAR Commission, The Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DEHLG), Ireland

Hall-Spencer J., White N., Gillespie E., Gillham K. and Foggo A. 2006. Impact of fish farms on maerl beds in strongly tidal areas. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 326, 1-9

Hall-Spencer, J., 2005. Ban on maerl extraction. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50.

Hall-Spencer, J. & Bamber, R., 2007. Effects of salmon farming on benthic Crustacea. Ciencias Marinas, 33 (4), 353-366.

Hall-Spencer, J., 1999. Maerl habitats under threat. Marine Conservation, 4, 15.

Hall-Spencer, J.M., 1994. Biological studies on nongeniculate Corallinaceae.  Ph.D. thesis, University of London.

Hall-Spencer, J.M. & Atkinson, R.J.A., 1999. Upogebia deltaura (Crustacea: Thalassinidea) in Clyde Sea maerl beds, Scotland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79, 871-880.

Hall-Spencer, J.M. & Harvey, B.P., 2019. Ocean acidification impacts on coastal ecosystem services due to habitat degradation. Emerging Topics in Life Sciences, 3, 197-206. DOI https://doi.org/10.1042/ETLS20180117

Hall-Spencer, J.M. & Moore, P.G., 2000a. Impact of scallop dredging on maerl grounds. In Effects of fishing on non-target species and habitats. (ed. M.J. Kaiser & S.J., de Groot) 105-117. Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Hall-Spencer, J.M. & Moore, P.G., 2000b. Limaria hians (Mollusca: Limacea): A neglected reef-forming keystone species. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 10, 267-278.

Hall-Spencer, J.M. & Moore, P.G., 2000c. Scallop dredging has profound, long-term impacts on maerl habitats. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 57, 1407-1415.

Hall-Spencer, J.M., 1998. Conservation issues relating to maerl beds as habitats for molluscs. Journal of Conchology Special Publication, 2, 271-286.

Hall-Spencer, J.M., 1995. Lithothamnion corallioides (P. & H. Crouan) P. & H. Crouan may not extend into Scottish waters. http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/clines/clnews/cnews20.htm, 2000-10-15

Hall-Spencer, J.M., 2009. Port of Falmouth Development Initiative: maerl 'recovery' report. Report to the Marine Management Organisation, 12 pp. 

Hall-Spencer, J.M., Allain, V. & Fosså, J.H., 2002. Trawling damage to Northeast Atlantic ancient coral reefs. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 269, 507-511. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1910

Hall-Spencer, J.M., Froglia, C., Atkinson, R.J.A & Moore, P.G., 1999. The impact of Rapido trawling for scallops, Pecten jacobaeus (L.), on the benthos of the Gulf of Venice. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56, 111-124

Hall-Spencer, J.M., Grall, J., Moore, P.G. & Atkinson, R.J.A., 2003. Bivalve fishing and maerl-bed conservation in France and the UK - retrospect and prospect. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 13, Suppl. 1 S33-S41. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.566

Hall-Spencer, J.M., Pike, J. & Munn, C.B., 2007. Diseases affect cold-water corals too: Eunicella verrucosa (Cnidaria: Gorgonacea) necrosis in SW England Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 76, 87-97.

Hall-Spencer, J.M., Rodolfo-Metalpa, R., Martin, S., Ransome, E., Fine, M., Turner, S.M., Rowley, S.J., Tedesco, D. & Buia, M.-C., 2008. Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification. Nature, 454 (7200), 96-99. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07051

Hall-Spencer, J.M., Tasker, M., Soffker, M., Christiansen, S., Rogers, S.I., Campbell, M. & Hoydal, K., 2009. Design of Marine Protected Areas on high seas and territorial waters of Rockall Bank. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 397, 305-308.

Hallock, P., 1985. Why are larger Foraminifera large? Palaeobiology, 11 (2), 195-208. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0094837300011507

Hammann, M., Buchholz, B., Karez, R. & Weinberger, F., 2013. Direct and indirect effects of Gracilaria vermiculophylla on native Fucus vesiculosus. Aquatic Invasions, 8 (2), 121-132.

Hammer, L., 1972. Anaerobiosis in marine algae and marine phanerograms. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Seaweed Symposium, Sapporo, Japan, August 8-12, 1971 (ed. K. Nisizawa, S. Arasaki, Chihara, M., Hirose, H., Nakamura V., Tsuchiya, Y.), pp. 414-419. Tokyo: Tokyo University Press.

Hammett, F.S. & Hammett, D.W., 1945. Seasonal changes in Obelia colony composition. Growth, 9, 55-144.

Hammett, F.S., 1943. The role of amino acids and nucleic acid components in developmental growth. Part one. The growth of the Obelia hydranth. Chapter one. Description of Obelia and its growth. Growth, 7, 331-399.

Hammett, F.S., 1951a. Quantitative growth in Obelia colonies in culture. II. Seasonal changes in rates of basic activities. A. Initiation. Growth, 15, 23-47.

Hammett, F.S., 1951b. Quantitative growth in Obelia colonies in culture. II. Seasonal changes in rates of basic activities. B. Proliferation. Growth, 15, 125-140.

Hammett, F.S., 1951c. Quantitative growth in Obelia colonies in culture. II. Seasonal changes in rates of basic activities. C. Differentiation. Growth, 15, 189-200.

Hammett, F.S., 1951d. Quantitative growth in Obelia colonies in culture. II. Seasonal changes in rates of basic activities. D. Organisation. Growth, 15, 201-210.

Hammett, F.S., 1951e. Quantitative growth in Obelia colonies in culture. II. Seasonal changes in rates of basic activities. E. Maintenance, regression, catabolism, injury. Growth, 15, 225-239.

Hammond, L., 1983. Experimental studies of salinity tolerance, burrowing behavior and pedicle regeneration in Lingula anatina (Brachiopoda, Inarticulata). Journal of Paleontology, 1311-1316.

Hamond, R., 1966. The Polychaeta of the coast of Norfolk. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 7, 383-436.

Hamond, R., 1957. Notes on the Hydrozoa of the Norfolk Coast. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 43, 294-324.

Hamoutene, D., Romeo, M., Gnassia, M. & Lafaurie, M., 1996. Cadmium effects on oxidative metabolism in a marine seagrass: Posidonia oceanica. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 56 (2), 327-334. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900048

Hampson, G.R. & Moul, E.T., 1978. No 2 Fuel oil-spill in Bourne, Massachusetts - immediate assessment of effects on marine-invertebrates and a 3-year study of growth and recovery of a salt-marsh. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 35 (5), 731-744. DOI https://doi.org/10.1139/f78-123

Han, Q., Bouma, T.J., Brun, F.G., Suykerbuyk, W. & van Katwijk, M.M., 2012. Resilience of Zostera noltii to burial or erosion disturbances. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 449, 133-143. DOI https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09532

Hancock, D.A. & Franklin, A., 1972. Seasonal changes in the condition of the edible cockle Cardium edule (L.). Journal of Applied Ecology, 9, 567-579.

Hancock, D.A. & Urquhart, A.E., 1964. Mortalities of edible cockles (Cardium edule L.) during the severe winter of 1962-64. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 33, 176-178.

Hancock, D.A., 1967. Growth and mesh selection in the edible cockle (Cardium edule L.). Journal of Applied Ecology, 4, 137-157.

Hancock, D.A., 1957. The feeding behaviour of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris (Gmelin) in the laboratory. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 129, 255-262.

Hancock, D.A., 1958. Notes on starfish on an Essex oyster bed. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 37, 565-589.

Hancock, D.A., 1954. The destruction of oyster spat by Urosalpinx cinerea (Say) on Essex oyster beds. Journal du Conseil, 20, 186-196.

Hancock, D.A., 1955. The feeding behaviour of starfish on Essex oyster beds. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 34, 313-337.

Hancock, D.A. Drinnan, R.E. Harris, W.N. 1956. Notes on the biology of Sertularia argentea L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 35, 307-325. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400010158

Handå, A., Forbord, S., Wang, X., Broch, O.J., Dahle, S.W., Storseth, T.R., Reitan, K.I., Olsen, Y. & Skjermo, J., 2013. Seasonal and depth-dependent growth of cultivated kelp (Saccharina latissima) in close proximity to salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture in Norway. Aquaculture, 414, 191-201.

Hand, C. & Uhlinger, K.R., 1992. The culture, sexual and asexual reproduction, and growth of the sea anemone,Nematostella vectensis. Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 182, 169-176.

Hand, C. & Uhlinger, K.R., 1994. The unique, widely distributed, estuarine sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis, Stephenson: A review, new facts and questions. Estuaries, 17, 501-508.

Hand, C. & Uhlinger, K.R., 1995. Asexual reproduction by transverse fission and some anomalies in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Invertebrate Biology, 114, 9-18.

Hand, C., 1955b. The sea anemones of central California. Part II. The endomyarian and mesomyarian anemones. The Wassmann Journal of Biology, 13, 37-99.

Hand, C.H., 1955. The sea anemones of central California: San Francisco University, Wasmann Biological Society.

Hanisak M.D., 1979. Effect of indole-3-acetic acid on growth of Codium fragile subsp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyceae) in culture. Journal of Phycology 15, 124-127.

Hanlon, R. & Forsythe, J.W., 1990. Diseases caused by microorganisms. Diseases of Marine Animals: Cephalopoda to Urochordata Kinne, 3, 23-46

Hanlon, R. T. & Messenger, J. B., 1996. Cephalopod Behaviour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hanlon. R.Y., Ament. S.A., Gabr. H., 1999. Behavioral aspects of sperm competition in cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Sepioidea: Cephalopoda). Marine Biology, 134, 719-728.

Hannam, M.L., Hagger, J.A., Jones, M.B. & Galloway, T.S., 2008. Characterisation of esterases as potential biomarkers of pesticide exposure in the lugworm Arenicola marina (Annelida : Polychaeta). Environmental Pollution, 152 (2), 342-350.

Hansen, B. & McKenzie, J.D., 1991. A taxonomic review of northern Atlantic species Thyonidiinae and Semperiellinae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 103, 101-127.

Hansen, B. & Ockelmann, K.W., 1991. Feeding behaviour in larvae of the opisthobranch Philine aperta. I. Growth and functional response at the different developmental stages. Marine Biology, 111, 255-261.

Hansen, B. W., Stenalt, E., Petersen, J.K. & Ellegaard, C., 2002. Invertebrate re-colonisation in Mariager Fjord (Denmark) after severe hypoxia. I. Zooplankton and settlement. Ophelia 56 (3), 197-213.

Hansen, B., 1991. Feeding behaviour in larvae of the opisthobranch Philine aperta. II. Food size spectra and particle selectivity in relation to larval behaviour and morphology of the velar structures. Marine Biology, 111, 263-270.

Hansen, B., 1993. Aspects of feeding, growth and stage development by trochophore larvae of the boreal polychaete Mediomastus fragile (Rasmussen) (Capitellidae). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 166, 273-288. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(93)90224-C

Hansen, B.W., Dolmer, P. & Vismann, B., 2023. Too late for regulatory management on Pacific oysters in European coastal waters? Journal of Sea Research, 191. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2022.102331

Hansen, D.J., Mahony, J.D., Berry, W.J., Benyi, S.J., Corbin, J.M., Pratt, S.D., Di Toro, D.M. & Abel, M.B., 1996. Chronic effect of cadmium in sediments on colonization by benthic marine organisms: An evaluation of the role of interstitial cadmium and acid-volatile sulfide in biological availability. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15 (12), 2126-2137. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620151208

Hansen, G.H. & Olafsen, J.A., 1989. Bacterial Colonization of Cod (Gadus morhua L.) and Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Eggs in Marine Aquaculture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 55(6), 1435-1446.

Hansen, J.I., Mustafa, T. & Depledge, M., 1992. Mechanisms of copper toxicity in the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. I. Effects on Na,K-ATPase activity, hemolymph electrolyte concentrations and tissue water contents. Marine Biology, 114, 253-257.

Hanson Aggregates Marine Limited 1998. 1998 Hastings shingle bank : southern England, biological and habitat survey. [on-line] http://www.marlin.ac.uk, 2003-02-22

Hansson, H., 1998. NEAT (North East Atlantic Taxa): South Scandinavian marine Echinodermata Check-List. Tjärnö Marine Biological Assocation [On-line] [cited 26/01/16]. Available from: http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/neat_pdf/NEAT*Echinodermata.pdf

Hansson, L., Agis, M., Maier, C. & Weinbauer, M., 2009. Community composition of bacteria associated with cold-water coral Madrepora oculata: within and between colony variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 397, 89-102. DOI https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08429

Hansson, S. & Rudstam, L., 1990. Eutrophication and Baltic fish communities. Ambio, 19(3), 123-125.

Harasti, D. & Gladstone, W., 2013. Does underwater flash photography affect the behaviour, movement and site persistence of seahorses? Journal of Fish Biology, 83 (5), 1344-1353. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12237

Harbour, R., 2017. The temporal persistence of biogenic reefs built by Serpula vermicularis in Loch Creran, Scotland. B.Sc. Thesis, School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure & Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, 13 pp. 

Hardege, J. and M. Bentley (1997). "Spawning synchrony in Arenicola marina: Evidence for sex pheromonal control." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 264. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1997.0144

Hardege, J.D., Bentley, M.G. & Snape, L., 1998. Sediment selection by juvenile Arenicola marina. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 166, 187-195.

Harden Jones, F.R. & Scholes, P., 1974. The effect of low temperature on cod, Gadus morhua. Journal du Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 35, 258– 271.

Harder, D.L., Hurd, C.L. & Speck, T., 2006. Comparison of mechanical properties of four large, wave-exposed seaweeds. American Journal of Botany, 93 (10), 1426-1432.

Harding, J.M. & Mann, R., 1999. Observations on the biology of the Veined Rapa whelk, Rapana whelk (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Shellfish Research, 18(1), 9-17.

Harding, J.M., King, S.E., Powell, E.N. & Mann, R., 2008. Decadal trends in age structure and recruitment patterns of ocean quahogs Arctica islandica from the Mid-Atlantic Bight in relation to water temperature. Journal of Shellfish Research, 27(4), 667-690.

Hardy, F.G. & Guiry, M.D., 2003. A check-list and atlas of the seaweeds of Britain and Ireland. London: British Phycological Society

Hardy, F.G. & Moss, B.L., 1978. The attachment of zygote and germlings of Halidrys siliquosa (L) Lyngb. (Phaeophyceae, Fucales). Phycologia, 17, 69-78.

Hardy, F.G., 1993. Long term changes in the macroalgae of three polluted estuaries in north-eastern England. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 172, 81-92.

Hareide, N., Carlson, J., Clarke, M., Clarke, S., Ellis, J., Fordham, S., Fowler, S., Pinho, M., Raymakers, C. & Serena, F., 2007. European Shark Fisheries: a preliminary investigation into fisheries, conversion factors, trade products, markets and management measures. European Elasmobranch Association, 1-57.

Harger, J.R.E. & Landenberger, D.E., 1971. The effects of storms as a density dependent mortality factor on populations of sea mussels. The Veliger, 14, 195-210.

Hargrave, B.T., 1980. Factors affecting the flux of organic matter to sediments in a marine bay. In Marine Benthic Dynamics (eds. Tenore, K.R. & Coull, B.C.), 243-263. USA: University of South Carolina Press.

Hargrave, M.S., Foggo, A., Pessarrodona, A. & Smale, D.A., 2017. The effects of warming on the ecophysiology of two co-existing kelp species with contrasting distributions. Oecologia, 183 (2), 531-543. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-016-3776-1

Haring, R.N., Dethier, M.N. & Williams, S.L., 2002. Desiccation facilitates wave-induced mortality of the intertidal alga Fucus gardneri. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 232, 75-82.

Hariot, M.P., 1909. Sur la crissance des Fucus. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences Paris, 149, 352 - 354.

Harker, M., Berkaloff, C., Lemoine, Y., Britton, G., Young, A.J., Duval, J.-C., Rmiki, N.-E. & Rousseau, B., 1999. Effects of high light and desiccation on the operation of the xanthophyll cycle in two marine brown algae. European Journal of Phycology, 34 (1), 35-42.

Harkin, E., 1981. Fluctuations in epiphyte biomass following Laminaria hyperborea canopy removal. In Proceedings of the X^th International Seaweed Symposium, Gø teborg, 11-15 August 1980 (ed. T. Levring), pp.303-308. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

Harley, M. B., 1950. Occurrence of a filter-feeding mechanism in the polychaete Nereis diversicolor. Nature, 165, 734-735.

Harlin, M.M., & Lindbergh, J.M., 1977. Selection of substrata by seaweed: optimal surface relief. Marine Biology, 40, 33-40.

Harms, C.A., Lewbart, G.A., McAlarney, R., Christian, L.S., Geissler, K. & Lemons, C., 2006. Surgical Excision of Mycotic (Cladosporium sp.) Granulomas from the Mantle of a Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 37, 524-530.

Harms, J. & Anger, K., 1983. Seasonal, annual, and spatial variation in the development of hard bottom communities. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen, 36, 137-150.

Harms, J. & Seeger, B., 1989. Larval development and survival in seven decapod species (Crustacea) in relation to laboratory diet. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 133, 129-139.

Harms, J., 1984. Influence of water temperature on larval development of Elminius modestus and Semibalanus balanoides. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 38, 123-134.

Harney, E., Rastrick, S. P. S., Artigaud, S., Pisapia, J., Bernay, B., Miner, P., Pichereau, V., Strand, O., Boudry, P. & Charrier, G., 2023. Impacts of ocean acidification and warming on post-larval growth and metabolism in two populations of the great scallop (Pecten maximus). Journal of Experimental Biology, 226 (11). DOI https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.245383

Harper, D.A.T., 1991. The brachiopods Neocrania and Terebratulina from Galway Bay. Irish Naturalists' Journal, 23, 371-376.

Harriague, A. C., Bianchi, C. N. & Albertelli, G., 2006. Soft-bottom macrobenthic community composition and biomass in a Posidonia oceanica meadow in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean). Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 70 (1-2), 251-258. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2005.10.017

Harrington, L., Fabricius, K., Eaglesham, G. & Negri, A., 2005. Synergistic effects of diuron and sedimentation on photosynthesis and survival of crustose coralline algae. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 51 (1-4), 415-427. DOI http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.042

Harris, G.J. & Morgan, E., 1984b. The effects of ethanol, valinomycin and cycloheximide on the endogenous circa-tidal rhythm of the estuarine amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas). Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 10, 219-233.

Harris, G.J. & Morgan, E., 1984a. The effects of salinity changes on the endogenous circa-tidal rhythm of the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas). Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 10, 199-217.

Harris, M.P. & Wanless, S., 1997. Breeding success, diet, and brood neglect in the kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) over an 11-year period. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54(4), 615-623.

Harris, R.R. & Ulmestrand, M., 2004. Discarding Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus L.) through low salinity layers – mortality and damage seen in simulation experiments. ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, 61(1), 127-139.

Harrison, F.W. & Cowden, R.R., 1976. Aspects of sponge biology. Academic Press.

Harrison, P.G., 1977. Decomposition of macrophyte detritus in seawater: effects of grazing by amphipods. Oikos, 28, 165-170.

Harrison, S.J. & Phizacklea, A.P., 1987. Vertical temperature gradients in muddy intertidal sediments in the Forth estuary, Scotland. 32 (4), 954-963. DOI https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.4.0954

Harrold, C., Light, K. & Lisin, S., 1998. Organic enrichment of submarine-canyon and continental-shelf benthic communities by macroalgal drift imported from nearshore kelp forests. Limnology and Oceanography, 43 (4), 669-678. DOI https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.4.0669

Hart, N.S. & Collin, S.P., 2015. Sharks senses and shark repellents. Integrative Zoology, 10 (1), 38-64. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12095

Harter, V.L. & Matthews, R.A., 2005. Acute and chronic toxicity test methods for Nematostella vectensis Stephenson. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 74 (5), 830-6. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-005-0656-5

Hartfield, G., Blunden, J. & Arndt, D.S., 2018. State of the Climate in 2017. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 99 (8), Si-S310. DOI https://doi.org/10.1175/2018BAMSStateoftheClimate.1

Hartikainen, H., Johnes, P., Moncrieff, C. & Okamura, B., 2009. Bryozoan populations reflect nutrient enrichment and productivity gradients in rivers. Freshwater Biology, 54 (11), 2320-2334.

Hartley, J.P., 1984. The benthic ecology of the Forties Oilfield (North Sea). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 80, 161-195.

Hartman, W.D., 1958. Natural history of the marine sponges of southern New England. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Bulletin, 12 (12), 1-155.

Hartmann - Schroeder, G., 1996. Annelida, Borstenwuermer, Polychaeta, Jena: Fischer.

Hartmann-Schroder, G., 1971. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands,  Stuttgart.

Hartnoll, R.G., 1985. Growth, sexual maturity and reproductive output. Crustacean issues, 3, 101-128.

Hartnoll, R.G. & Hawkins, S.J., 1980. Monitoring rocky shore communities: a critical look at spatial and temporal variation. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 33, 484-495.

Hartnoll, R.G. & Hawkins, S.J., 1985. Patchiness and fluctuations on moderately exposed rocky shores. Ophelia, 24, 53-63.

Hartnoll, R.G. & Mohamedeen, H., 1987. Laboratory growth of the larvae of six British crabs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 107, 155-170.

Hartnoll, R.G., 1977. Reproductive strategy in two British species of Alcyonium. In Biology of benthic organisms, (ed. B.F. Keegan, P.O Ceidigh & P.J.S. Boaden), pp. 321-328. New York: Pergamon Press.

Hartnoll, R.G., 1975. The annual cycle of Alcyonium digitatum. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 3, 71-78.

Hartnoll, R.G., 1998. Circalittoral faunal turf biotopes: an overview of dynamics and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs, Volume VIII. Scottish Association of Marine Sciences, Oban, Scotland, 109 pp. [UK Marine SAC Project. Natura 2000 reports.] Available from: http://ukmpa.marinebiodiversity.org/uk_sacs/pdfs/circfaun.pdf

Hartnoll, R.G., 1983. Substratum. In Sublittoral ecology. The ecology of the shallow sublittoral benthos (ed. R. Earll & D.G. Erwin), pp. 97-124. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Hartnoll, R.G., 1963. The biology of Manx spider crabs. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 141, 423-496.

Hartnoll, R.G., Bryant, A.D. & Gould, P., 1993. Size distribution in spider crab populations - spatial and temporal variation. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 13, 647-655.

Hartnoll, R.G., Rice, A.L. & Attrill, M.J., 1992. Aspects of the biology of the galatheid genus Munida (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the porcupine seabight, Northeast Atlantic. Sarsia, 76 (4), 231-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1992.10413479

Hartwick, R., 1976. Beach orientation in talitrid amphipods: capacities and strategies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1 (4), 447-458.

Harvey, C.E., 1969. Breeding and distribution of Sphaeroma (Crustacea: Isopoda) in Britain. The Journal of Animal Ecology, 38(2), 399-406.

Harvey, M. & Bourget, E.,1997. Recruitment of marine invertebrates onto arborescent epibenthic structures: active and passive processes acting at different spatial scales. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 153, 203‐215. 

Harvey, M. & Bourget, E., 1997. Recruitment of marine invertebrates onto arborescent epibenthic structures: active and passive processes acting at different spatial scales. Marine Ecological Progress Series, 153, 203–215.

Harvey, M. & Bourget, E., 1995. Experimental evidence of passive accumulation of marine bivalve larvae on filamentous epibenthic structures. Limnology and Oceanography, 40, 94-104.

Harvey, M. & Vincent, B., 1989. Spatial and temporal variations of the reproduction cycle and energy allocation of the bivalve Macoma balthica (L.) on a tidal flat. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 129, 199-217.

Harvey, M.J. & McLachlan, J., 1973. Chondrus crispus. Proceedings of the Transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 27 (Suppl.1), 1-155.

Harvey, R. & Gage, J.D., 1995. Reproduction and recruitment of Nuculoma tenuis (Bivalvia: Nuculoida) from Loch Etive, Scotland. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 61(4), 409-419.

Harvey-Clark, C.J., Stobo, W.T., Helle, E. & Mattson, M., 1999. Putative Mating Behavior in Basking Sharks off the Nova Scotia Coast. Copeia, 1999 (3), 780-782.

Hashimoto, K., Yamada, K., Sekino, M., Kobayashi, M., Sasaki, T., Fujinami, Y., Yamamoto, M., Choi, K. S. & Henmi, Y., 2021. Population genetic structure of the pen shell Atrina pectinata sensu lato (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) throughout East Asia. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 48. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2021.102024

Haskoning UK Ltd. 2006. Investigation into the impact of marine fish farm deposition on maerl beds. Scottish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 213 (ROAME No. AHLA10020348).

Haslam, S.M., 1978. River plants: the macrophytic vegetation of watercourses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Haslam, S.M., 1972. Biological flora of the British Isles. Phragmites communis Trin. Journal of Ecology, 60, 585-610.

Haslob, H., Clemmesen, C., Schaber, M., Hinrichsen, H.H., Schmidt, J.O., Voss, R., Kraus, G. & Kö ster, F.W., 2007. Invading Mnemiopsis leidyi as a potential threat to Baltic fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 349, 303-306.

Hassel, A., 2020. imr_mareano_beamtrawl. Version 3.7. Institute of Marine Research. Available from: https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1265460018

Hastie, L., Pierce, G., Wang, J., Bruno, I., Moreno, A., Piatkowski, U. & Robin, J.-P., 2009. Cephalopods in the north-eastern atlantic: Species, biogeography, ecology, exploitation and conservation. Oceanography and Marine Biology, 47, 111-190.

Hastie, L.C., Joy, J.B., Pierce, G.J. & Yau, C., 1994. Reproductive biology of Todaropsis eblanae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) in Scottish waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 74, 367-382.

Hastings, A.B., 1944. Notes on Polyzoa (Bryozoa). I. Umbonula littoralis auctt: U. ovicellata, sp.n. and U. littoralis, sp.n.. Annals & Magazine of Natural History, Series 11, Vol. 11, 273-284

Hastings, M.H., 1981. The lifecycle and productivity of an intertidal population of the Amphipod Ampelisca brevicornis. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 12, 665-677.

Hatcher, A.I., and Larkum, A.W.D, 1982. The effects of short term exposure to Bass Strait crude oil and Corexit 8667 on benthic community metabolism in Posidonia australis Hook.f. dominated microcosms. Aquatic Botany, 12, 219-227. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(82)90018-3

Hatcher, A.M., 1998. Epibenthic colonization patterns on slabs of stabilised coal-waste in Poole Bay, UK. Hydrobiologia, 367, 153-162.

Hateley, J. G., Grant, A. & Jones, N. V., 1988. Heavy metal tolerance in estuarine populations of Nereis diversicolor. 23rd European Marine Biology Symposium, University of Wales, School of Biological Sciences, Swansea, Wales, Sep 05-09, pp. 379-385.

Hatton,H., 1938. Easelsde bionomie explicative surquelques especesintercotidalesd'algues et d'animaux. Annales de l’Institut Oceanographique 17: 241-348

Haug, T., 1990. Biology of the Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L., 1758). Advances in Marine Biology, 26, 1-70

Haure, J., Penisson, C., Bougrier, S. & Baud, J.P., 1998. Influence of temperature on clearance and oxygen consumption rates of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis: determination of allometric coefficients. Aquaculture, 169 (3), 211-224. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00383-4

Hauton, C., Hall-Spencer, J.M. & Moore, P.G., 2003. An experimental study of the ecological impacts of hydraulic bivalve dredging on maerl. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60, 381-392.

Hauton, C., Howell, T.R.W., Atkinson, R.J.A. & Moore, P.G., 2007. Measures of hydraulic dredge efficiency and razor clam production, two aspects governing sustainability within the Scottish commercial fishery. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87 (04), 869-877.

Hauton, C., Tyrrell, T. & Williams, J., 2009. The subtle effects of sea water acidification on the amphipod Gammarus locusta. Biogeosciences, 6 (8), 1479-1489. DOI https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1479-2009  

Havenhand, J. & Svane, I., 1989. Larval behaviour, recruitment, and the role of adult attraction in Ascidia mentula O. F. Mueller: Reproduction, genetics and distributions of marine organisms. 23rd European Marine Biology Symposium. Olsen and Olsen, 127-132.

Havenhand, J.N. & Svane, I., 1991. Roles of hydrodynamics and larval behaviour in determining spatial aggregation in the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 68, 271-276.

Hawes, I. & Smith, R., 1995. Effect of current velocity on the detachment of thalli of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) in a New Zealand estuary. Journal of Phycology, 31 (6), 875-880.

Hawke, C.J. & José, P.V., 1996. Reedbed management for commercial and wildlife interests. Sandy, Bedfordshire: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB).

Hawker, D., 1994. Solway Firth Zostera survey. Monitoring Report. , Scottish Natural Heritage, Aberdeen.

Hawkins, A., Smith, R., Bayne, B. & Heral, M., 1996. Novel observations underlying the fast growth of suspension-feeding shellfish in turbid environments: Mytilus edulis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 131, 179-90

Hawkins, A.D., 1993. Underwater Sound and Fish Behaviour. In: Behaviour of teleost fishes, (ed. T.J. Pitcher), pp. 129-170. London: Chapman and Hall.

Hawkins, A.J.S. & Bayne, B.L., 1992. Physiological interrelations, and the regulation of production. In The mussel Mytilus: ecology, physiology, genetics and culture, (ed. E.M. Gosling), pp. 171-222.. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publ. [Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, 25]

Hawkins, L.E., Hutchinson, S. & Askew, C., 2005. Evaluation of some factors affecting native oyster stock regeneration. Shellfish News, 19, 10-12.

Hawkins, S., 1983. Interactions of Patella and macroalgae with settling Semibalanus balanoides (L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 71 (1), 55-72.

Hawkins, S. J. & Jones, H. D., 1992. Rocky Shores. London: Immel.

Hawkins, S.J. & Harkin, E., 1985. Preliminary canopy removal experiments in algal dominated communities low on the shore and in the shallow subtidal on the Isle of Man. Botanica Marina, 28, 223-30.

Hawkins, S.J. & Hartnoll, R.G., 1985. Factors determining the upper limits of intertidal canopy-forming algae. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 20, 265-271.

Hawkins, S.J. & Hartnoll, R.G., 1982. Settlement patterns of Semibalanus balanoides in the Isle of Man (1977-1981). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 62, 271-283.

Hawkins, S.J. & Hartnoll, R.G., 1983. Grazing of intertidal algae by marine invertebrates. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 21, 195-282.

Hawkins, S.J. & Hartnoll, R.G., 1983b. Changes in a rocky shore community: an evolution of monitoring. Journal of Marine Environmental Research, 9, 195-282.

Hawkins, S.J. & Southward, A.J., 1992. The Torrey Canyon oil spill: recovery of rocky shore communities. In Restoring the Nations Marine Environment, (ed. G.W. Thorpe), Chapter 13, pp. 583-631. Maryland, USA: Maryland Sea Grant College.

Hawkins, S.J., 1981. The influence of Patella grazing on the fucoid/barnacle mosaic on moderately exposed rocky shores. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 5, 537-543.

Hawkins, S.J., Hartnoll, R.G., Kain, J.M. & Norton, T.A., 1992. Plant-animal interactions on hard substrata in the north-east Atlantic. In Plant-animal interactions in the marine benthos (ed. D.M. John, S.J. Hawkins & J.H. Price), pp. 1-32. Oxford: Clarendon Press. [Systematics Association Special Volume, no. 46.]

Hawkins, S.J., Proud, S.V., Spence, S.K. & Southward, A.J., 1994. From the individual to the community and beyond: water quality, stress indicators and key species in coastal systems. In Water quality and stress indicators in marine and freshwater ecosystems: linking levels of organisation (individuals, populations, communities) (ed. D.W. Sutcliffe), 35-62. Ambleside, UK: Freshwater Biological Association.

Hawkins, S.J., Southward, A.J. & Barrett, R.L., 1983. Population structure of Patella vulgata (L.) during succession on rocky shores in southwest England. Oceanologica Acta, Special Volume, 103-107.

Hawkins, S.J., Sugden, H.E., Mieszkowska, N.,  Moore, P.J., Poloczanska, E., Leaper, R.,  Herbert, R.J.H., Genner, M.J., Moschella, P.S., Thompson, R.C., Jenkins, S.R., Southward, A.J., Burrows, M.T., 2009. Consequences of climate-driven biodiversity changes for ecosystem functioning of North European rocky shores. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 396, 245-259.

Hay, M.E., Duffey, E.J., Pfister, C.A. & Fenical. W., 1987. Chemical defence against different marine herbivores: are amphipods insect equivalents? Ecology, 68, 1567-1580.

Hayden, H.S., Blomster, J., Maggs, C.A., Silva, P.C., Stanhope, M.J. & Waaland, J.R., 2003. Linnaeus was right all along: Ulva and Enteromorpha are not distinct genera. European Journal of Phycology, 38, 277-294.

Hayer, S., Bick, A., Brandt, A., Ewers-Saucedo, C., Fiege, D., Füting, S., Krause-Kyora, B., Michalik, P., Reinicke, G. B. & Brandis, D., 2019. Coming and going - Historical distributions of the European oyster Ostrea edulis Linnaeus, 1758 and the introduced slipper limpet Crepidula fornicata Linnaeus, 1758 in the North Sea. PLoS ONE, 14 (10). DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224249

Hayes, F.R., 1926. The effect of environmental factors on the development and growth of Littorina littorea. The Proceedings and Transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, 17, 6-13.

Hayes, M.O. & Michel, J., 1999. Factors determining the long-term position of Exxon Valdez oil in gravel beaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38, 92-101.

Haynes, David, Ralph, Peter, Prange, Joelle & Dennison, Bill, 2000. The Impact of the Herbicide Diuron on Photosynthesis in Three Species of Tropical Seagrass. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41 (7), 288-293. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00127-2

Hayward, P. 1995. Antarctic cheilostomatous bryozoa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hayward, P., Nelson-Smith, T. & Shields, C. 1996. Collins pocket guide. Sea shore of Britain and northern Europe. London: HarperCollins.

Hayward, P.J. 1988. Animals on seaweed. Richmond, Surrey: Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd. [Naturalists Handbooks 9].

Hayward, P.J. 1994. Animals of sandy shores. Slough, England: The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd. [Naturalists' Handbook 21.]

Hayward, P.J. 1985. Ctenostome Bryozoans. Bath: Pitman Press. [Synopses of the British Fauna, no. 33.]

Hayward, P.J. & McKinney, F.K., 2002. Northern Adriatic Bryozoa from the vicinity of Rovinj, Croatia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1-139.

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. 1979. British ascophoran bryozoans. London: Academic Press.

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. 1999. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part II Hippothooidea - Celleporoidea. London: Academic Press. [Synopses of the British Fauna, no. 14. (2nd edition)]

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. 1990. The marine fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. 1998. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa. Part 1. Aeteoidea - Cribrilinoidea. Shrewsbury: Field Studies Council. [Synopses of the British Fauna, no. 10. (2nd edition)]

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. 1994. The marine fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe. Volume 1. Introduction and Protozoans to Arthropods. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.) 2017. Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.) 1995b. Handbook of the marine fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (ed.), 1995. The marine fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe. Volume 2. Molluscs to Chordates. Oxford Science Publications. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Hazlett, A. & Seed, R., 1976. A study of Fucus spiralis and its associated fauna in Strangford Lough, Co. Down. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 76, 607-618.

Healey, M.C., 1971. The distribution and abundance of sand gobies, Gobius minutus, in the Ythan estuary. Journal of Zoology, London, 163, 177-229.

Healy, B. & O'Neill, M. 1984. The life cycle and population dynamics of Idotea pelagica and I. granulosa (Isopoda: Valvifera) in South-East Ireland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64(1), 21-33

Healy, B., 1979. Records of Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) Ireland. Journal of Life Sciences, Royal Dublin Society, 1, 39-70.

Healy, J.M. & Lamprell, K.L., 1996. The Atlantic - Mediterranean bivalve, Corbula gibba (Olivi) (Corbulidae: Myoidea) in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 39, 315-331.

Heath, D., 1976. The distribution and orientation of epizoic barnacles on crabs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 59, 59-67.

Heath, T.A. 2005. Ampharete falcata A bristleworm. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1915

Hebbeln, D., Portilho-Ramos, Rodrigo da Costa, Wienberg, C. & Titschack, J., 2019. The fate of cold-water corals in a changing world: a geological perspective. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00119

Hebbeln, D., Wienberg, C., Dullo, W-C., Freiwald, A., Mienis, F., Orejas, C. & Titschack, J., 2020. Cold-water coral reefs thriving under hypoxia. Coral Reefs, 39 (4), 853-859. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01934-6

Hebda, A., 2011. Information in Support of a Recovery Potential Assessment for Atlantic Mud-piddock (Barnea Truncata) in Canada: Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat.

Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust, 2018. Visual sightings data set 2003-2017. Occurrence dataset: https://hwdt.org/ accessed via NBNAtlas.org on 2018-09-27.

Hecht, S.,1928. The relation of time, intensity and wave-length in the photosensory system of Pholas. The Journal of General Physiology, 11(5), 657-672.

Hecht, T. & Heasman, K., 1999. The culture of Mytilus galloprovincialis in South Africa and the carrying capacity of mussel farming in Saldanha Bay. World Aquaculture, 30, 50-55.

Hecker, B., Blechschmidt, G. & Gibson, P., 1980. Epifaunal zonation and community structure in three Mid- and North Atlantic canyons: final report for the canyon assessment study in the Mid- and North Atlantic areas of the U.S. outer continental shelf. Washington, D.C.. U.S. Dept of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

Hedger, R., McKenzie, E., Heath, M., Wright, P., Scott, B., Gallego, A., & Andrews, J., 2004. Analysis of the spatial distributions of mature cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) abundance in the North Sea (1980-1999) using generalised additive models. Fisheries Research, 70, 17-25

Hedgpeth, J.W., 1957. Classification of marine environments. In: Treatise on marine ecology and paleontology. Vol. l, Ecology (ed. J.W. Hedgpeth), Geological Society of America Memoir No. 67, pp. 17-27.

Heessen, H.J.L., 1993. The Distribution of Cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Sea. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Scientific Council Studies, 18, 59-65.

Heffernan, M., 1999. A review of the ecological implications of mariculture and intertidal harvesting in Ireland: Dúchas.

Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., 2018. Narwhal: Monodon monoceros. In Bernd Würsig, J.G.M., Thewissen & K, M. Kovacs (eds). Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Third Edition): Academic Press, pp. 627-631.

Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., Richard, P.R., Dietz, R. & Laidre, K.L., 2013. A metapopulation model for Canadian and West Greenland narwhals. Animal Conservation, 16 (3), 331-343. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12000

Heiligenberg, T. van den., 1987. Effects of mechanical and manual harvesting of lugworms Arenicola marina L. on the benthic fauna of tidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Biological Conservation, 39, 165-177.

Heim, I., Nickel, M., Picton, B. & Brümmer, F., 2007. Description and molecular phylogeny of Tethya hibernica sp. nov. (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Northern Ireland with remarks on the European species of the genus Tethya. Zootaxa, 1595, 1-15. DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.178678

Heinrich, S., Valentin, K., Frickenhaus, S., John, U. & Wiencke, C., 2012. Transcriptomic analysis of acclimation to temperature and light stress in Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae). Plos One, 7 (8), e44342.

Heip, C. & Herman, R., 1979. Production of Nereis diversicolor O.F. Müller (Polychaeta) in a shallow brackish water pond. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 8, 297-305.

Heip, C.H., Keegan, B.F. & Lewis, J.R., 1985. Long-Term Changes in Coastal Benthic Communities. In Proceedings of a Symposium, held in Brussels, Belgium, December 9–12, 1985: Springer Science & Business Media.

Heiser, S., Hall-Spencer, J.M. & Hiscock, K., 2014. Assessing the extent of establishment of Undaria pinnatifida in Plymouth Sound Special Area of Conservation, UK. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, e93.

Heldt, K.A., Connell, S.D., Anderson, K., Russell, B.D. & Munguia, P., 2016. Future climate stimulates population out-breaks by relaxing constraints on reproduction. Scientific reports, 6, 33383. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33383 (see also https://www.nature.com/articles/srep33383#supplementary-information)

Helfman, G., Colette, B. & Facey, D., 1997. The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, UK.

Hellenbrand, K. 1978. Effect of pulp mill effluent on productivity of seaweeds. Proceedings of the International Seaweed Symposium, 9, 161–171

Hellings, S.E. & Gallagher, J.L., 1992. The effects of salinity and flooding on Phragmites australis. Journal of Applied Ecology, 29, 41-49.

Hellou, J., Payne, J.F. & Hamilton, C., 1994. Polycyclic aromatic compounds in Northwest Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua). Environmental Pollution, 84(2), 197-202.

Hellou, J., Warren, W.G., Payne, J.F., Belkhode, S. & Lobel, P., 1992. Heavy metals and other elements in three tissues of cod, Gadus morhua from the Northwest Atlantic. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 24, 452-458.

Hellstrom, T. & Doving, K.B., 1983. Perception of disel oil by cod (Gadus morhua). Aquatic Toxicology, 4, 303-315.

 Helm, M.M., 2005. Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme. Crassostrea gigas.  FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department [online]. Rome. [cited 12 January 2016]. Available from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Crassostrea_gigas/en

Helmer, L., Farrell, P., Hendy, I., Harding, S., Robertson, M. & Preston, J., 2019. Active management is required to turn the tide for depleted Ostrea edulis stocks from the effects of overfishing, disease and invasive species. Peerj, 7 (2). DOI https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6431

Helmuth, B. & Denny, M.W., 2003. Predicting wave exposure in the rocky intertidal zone: Do bigger waves always lead to larger forces? Limnology and Oceanography, 48 (3), 1338-1345.

Helmuth, B., Harley, C.D., Halpin, P.M., O'Donnell, M., Hofmann, G.E. & Blanchette, C.A., 2002. Climate change and latitudinal patterns of intertidal thermal stress. Science, 298 (5595), 1015-1017.

Helmuth, B., Mieszkowska, N., Moore, P. & Hawkins, S.J. (2006). Living on the edge of two changing worlds: forecasting the responses of rocky intertidal ecosystems to climate change. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 37 373-404.

Hemens, J. & Warwick, R. J., 1972. The effects of fluoride on estuarine organisms. Water Research, 6 (11), 1301-1308. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(72)90194-7

Hemery, L.G., Henkel, S.K. & Cochrane, G.R., 2018. Benthic assemblages of mega epifauna on the Oregon continental margin. Continental Shelf Research, 159, 24-32. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2018.03.004

Hemmi, A. & Jormalainen, V., 2002. Nutrient enhancement increases performance of a marine herbivore via quality of its food alga. Ecology, 83 (4), 1052-1064.

Hemmingsen, W. & Mackenzie, K., 2001. The parasite fauna of the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L. Advances in Marine Biology, 40, 1-80.

Hempel, C. (1957). Über den Röhrenbau und die Nahrungsaufnahme einiger Spioniden (Polychaeta sedentaria) der deutschen Küsten. Helgoland Marine Research 6(1): 100-135.

Henderson, A., 1999. Literature on lichens and air pollution. Lichenologist, 31, 111-119.

Henderson, A.C., Flannery, K. & Dunne, J., 2002. Growth and reproduction in spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias L. (Elasmobranchii: Squalidae), from the west coast of Ireland. Sarsia, 87, 350-361

Henderson, A.C., Quigley, D.T.G. & Flannery, K., 1999. The shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, and the pelagic stingray Dasyatis violacea Bonaparte, in Irish waters. Irish Naturalists' Journal, 26, 260-266

Henderson, J.T., 1929. Lethal temperatures of Lamellibranchiata. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 4, 395-412.

Henderson, P.A. & Holmes, R.H.A., 1987. On the population biology of the common shrimp Crangon crangon (L.) (Crustacea: Caridea) in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 67, 825-847.

Henderson, P.A., 2003. Background information on species of shad and lamprey. Countryside Council for Wales, Bangor. (CCW Marine Monitoring Report No.7).

Henderson, P.A., Seaby, R. & Marsh, S.J., 1990. The population zoogeography of the common shrimp (Crangon crangon) in British waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 70, 89-97.

Henderson, R.S., 1988. Marine microcosm experiments on effects of copper and tributyltin-based antifouling paint leachates. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, California, 51 pp.

Henderson, R.S. & Salazar, S.M., 1996. Flowthrough Bioassay Studies on the Effects of Antifouling TBT Leachates. In Champ, M.A. and Seligman, P.F. (eds.). Organotin: Environmental fate and effects. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 281-303. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1507-7_14

Henderson, S.M. & Richardson, C.A., 1994. A comparison of the age, growth rate and burrowing behaviour of the razor clams ,Ensis siliqua and Ensis ensis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 74, 939-954.

Hendrick, V., Foster-Smith, R., Davies, A. & Newell, R., 2011. Biogenic Reefs and the Marine Aggregate Industry. Marine ALSF Science Monograph Series, Cefas,  60pp.

Hendrick, V.J., Hutchison, Z.L. & Last, K.S., 2016. Sediment Burial Intolerance of Marine Macroinvertebrates. PLOS ONE, 11 (2), e0149114. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149114

Hendry, K. & Cragg-Hine, D., 2003. Ecology of the Atlantic salmon. Conserving Natura 2000, Rivers Ecology Series no. 7., English Nature, Peterborough.

Hendry, Katharine R., Cassarino, Lucie, Bates, Stephanie L., Culwick, Timothy, Frost, Molly, Goodwin, Claire & Howell, Kerry L., 2019. Silicon isotopic systematics of deep-sea sponge grounds in the North Atlantic. Quaternary Science Reviews, 210, 1-14. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.02.017

Henkel, D. & Janussen, D., 2011. Redescription and new records of Celtodoryx ciocalyptoides (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida)—a sponge invader in the north east Atlantic Ocean of Asian origin? Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 91 (2), 347-355. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315410001487

Hennen, D.R., 2015. How Should We Harvest an Animal that Can Live for Centuries? North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 35 (3), 512-527.

Hennige, S.J., Wicks, L.C., Kamenos, N.A., Bakker, D.C.E., Findlay, H.S., Dumousseaud, C. & Roberts, J.M., 2014. Short-term metabolic and growth responses of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa to ocean acidification. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 99, 27-35. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.005

Hennige, S.J., Wicks, L.C., Kamenos, N.A., Perna, G., Findlay, H.S. & Roberts, J.M., 2015. Hidden impacts of ocean acidification to live and dead coral framework. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282 (1813), 20150990. DOI https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0990

Henriksson, R., 1969. Influence of pollution on the bottom fauna of the Sound (Öresund). Oikos, 20 (2), 507-523.

Henriques, M., Lourenço, R., Almada, F., Calado, G., Gonçalves, D., Guillemaud, T., Cancela, M.L. & Almada, V.C., 2002. A revision of the status of Lepadogaster lepadogaster (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae): sympatric subspecies or a long misunderstood blend of species? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 76 (3), 327-338. DOI https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00067.x

Henry, B.E. & Van Alstyne, K.L., 2004. Effects of UV radiation on growth and phlorotannins in Fucus gardneri (Phaeophyceae) juveniles and embryos. Journal of Phycology, 40 (3), 527-533.

Henry, L., 2002. A study of the Ardbear Salt Lake (Clifden, Ireland) ecosystem with particular reference to (A) periodic hypoxia and (B) aspects of the biology of Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus (Polychaete: Serpulidae). The Martin Ryan Institute of Marine Science, National University of Ireland, Galway.

Henry, L.-A. & Roberts, J.M., 2007. Biodiversity and ecological composition of macrobenthos on cold-water coral mounds and adjacent off-mound habitat in the bathyal Porcupine Seabight, NE Atlantic. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 54 (4), 654-672. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2007.01.005

Henry, L.-A., Navas, J.M., Hennige, S.J., Wicks, L.C., Vad, J. & Roberts, M.J., 2013. Cold-water coral reef habitats benefit recreationally valuable sharks. Biological Conservation, 161, 67-70. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.03.002

Henry, L.-A., Vad, J., Findlay, H.S., Murillo, J., Milligan, R. & Roberts, J.M., 2014. Environmental variability and biodiversity of megabenthos on the Hebrides Terrace Seamount (Northeast Atlantic). Scientific reports, 4 (1). DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05589

Henry, L.A. & Roberts, J.M., 2014. Applying the OSPAR habitat definition of deep-sea sponge aggregations to verify suspected records of the habitat in UK waters. JNCC Report No. 508, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 45 pp. Available from http://data.jncc.gov.uk/data/788783fe-0c27-4faf-9fc3-6b1b1ad3bf78/JNCC-Report-508-FINAL-WEB.pdf

Henry, L.A. & Kenchington, E.L.R. 2004. Ecological and genetic evidence for impaired sexual reproduction and induced clonality in the hydroid Sertularia cupressina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) on commercial scallop grounds in Atlantic Canada. Marine Biology, 145, 1107-1118

Henry, L.A., 2002. Intertidal zonation and seasonality of the marine hydroid Dynamena pumila (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 80, 1526-1536.

Henry, L.A., Kenchington, E.L.R. & Silvaggio, A., 2003. Effects of mechanical experimental disturbance on aspects of colony responses, reproduction, and regeneration in the cold-water octocoral Gersemia rubiformis. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 81 (10), 1691-1701. DOI https://doi.org/10.1139/z03-161

Henry, R.P., Garrelts, E.E., McCarty, M.M. & Towle, D.W. 1999. Salinity adaptations in the euryhaline green crab, Carcinus maenas. Bulletin of the Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 38, 55.

Hepper, B. T., 1977. The fishery for crawfish, Palinurus elephas, off the coast of Cornwall. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 57, 925-941.

Hepper, B.T., 1956. The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis L. as a host for Mytilicola intestinalis Steuer. Journal of Animal Ecology, 25, 144-147.

Herbert, N.A. & Steffensen, J.F., 2005. The response of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, to progressive hypoxia: fish swimming speed and physiological stress. Marine Biology, 147(6), 1403-1412

Herbert, R. & Hawkins, S., 2006. Effect of rock type on the recruitment and early mortality of the barnacle Chthamalus montagui. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 334 (1), 96-108.

Herbert, R. J. H., Ma, L., Marston, A., Farnham, W. F., Tittley, I. & Cornes R. C., 2016. The calcareous brown alga Padina pavonica in southern Britain: population change and tenacity over 300 years. Mar Biol 163 (3), 1-15.

Herbert, R.J.H., Hawkins, S.J., Sheader, M. & Southward, A.J., 2003. Range extension and reproduction of the barnacle Balanus perforatus in the eastern English Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83 (1), 73-82. DOI 10.1017/S0025315403006829h

Herbert, R.J.H., Humphreys, J., Davies, C.J., Roberts, C., Fletcher, S. & Crowe, T.P., 2016. Ecological impacts of non-native Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and management measures for protected areas in Europe. Biodiversity and Conservation, 25 (14), 2835-2865. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1209-4

Herbert, R.J.H., Roberts, C., Humphreys, J., & Fletcher, S. 2012. The Pacific oyster (Crassostra gigas) in the UK: economic, legal and environmental issues associated with its cultivation, wild establishment and exploitation. Available from: https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/pacific-oyster-uk-issues-associated-its-cultivation-wild-establishment-and-exploitation

Herborg, L.-M., Bentley, M.G. & Clare, A.S., 2002. First confirmed record of the Chinese mitten crab (Erocheir sinensis) from the River Tyne, United Kingdom. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 921-922.

Herborg, L.M., O’Hara, P. & Therriault, T.W., 2009. Forecasting the potential distribution of the invasive tunicate Didemnum vexillum. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46 (1), 64-72. DOI https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01568.x

Herlyn, M., Millat, G. & Petersen, B., 2008. Documentation of sites of intertidal blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) beds of the Lower Saxonian Wadden Sea, southern North Sea (as of 2003) and the role of their structure for spatfall settlement. Helgoland Marine Research, 62 (2), 177-188.

Hermansen, P., Larsen, P.S. & Riisgård, H.U., 2001. Colony growth rate of encrusting bryozoans (Electra pilosa and Celleporella hyalina). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 263, 1-23.

Hernández, R.Y.S., Zucchetti, M., Aumento, F., Gual, M. R., Cozzella, M.L. & Hernández, C.M.A., 2011. Measurement of plutonium pollution in sediments and algae in marine environment: Cienfuegos Bay and La Maddalena Islands. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 20 (3A), 802-809.

Herndl, G.J. & Velimirov, B., 1985. Bacteria in the coelenteron of Anthozoa: control of coelomic bacterial density by the coelenteric fluid. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 93, 115-130.

Hernroth, B., Sköld, H.N., Wiklander, K., Jutfelt, F. & Baden, S., 2012. Simulated climate change causes immune suppression and protein damage in the crustacean Nephrops norvegicus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 33 (5), 1095-1101.

Herrando-Perez, S. & Frid, C.L.J., 2001. Recovery patterns of macrobenthos and sediment at a closed fly-ash dumpsite. Sarsia, 86 (4-5), 389-400.

Herreid, C.F., 1980. Hypoxia in invertebrates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 67 (3), 311-320. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-9629(80)80002-8

Hershner, C., Ward, K., Illowsky, J., Delistraty, D. & Martorana, J., 1982. Effects of Atrazine on Zostera marina in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. U.S.EPA,, Annapolis, MD, EPA-600/3-88/050, 286 pp. Available from https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/2000VCH9.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1981 Thru 1985&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D:\ZYFILES\INDEX DATA\81THRU85\TXT\00000011\2000VCH9.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h|-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=1

Hertfordshire Natural History Society Flora Group, 2017. Hertfordshire Flora Survey Records 1987-2005. Occurrence dataset: https://doi.org/10.15468/ntvxgr accessed via GBIF.org on 2018-09-27.

Hesgathen, I.H., 1977. Migrations, breeding and growth in Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas) (Pisces, Gobiidae) in Oslofjorden, Norway. Sarsia, 63, 17-26.

Hess, S. & Kuhnt, W., 1996. Deep-sea benthic foraminiferal recolonization of the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo ash layer in the South China Sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 28 (2), 171-197. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8398(95)00080-1

Hess, S., Kuhnt, W., Hill, S., Kaminski, M.A., Holbourn, A. & de Leon, M., 2001. Monitoring the recolonization of the Mt Pinatubo 1991 ash layer by benthic foraminifera. Marine Micropaleontology, 43 (1), 119-142. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8398(01)00025-1

Hetherington, J.A., 1976. Radioactivity in surface and coastal waters of the British Isles. Fisheries Radiobiological Laboratory Technical Report, 11, 1-35.

Hettinger, A., Sanford, E., Hill, T.M., Hosfelt, J.D., Russell, A.D. & Gaylord, B., 2013. The influence of food supply on the response of Olympia oyster larvae to ocean acidification. Biogeosciences, 10 (10), 6629-6638. DOI https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6629-2013

Heuers, J. & Jaklin, S., 1999. Initial settlement of Lanice conchilega. Senckenbergiana Maritima, 29 (suppl.), 67-69.

Heuers, J., 1998. Ansiedlung, Dispersion, Rekrutierung und Störungen als strukturierende Faktoren benthischer Gemeinschaften im Eulitoral. Dissertation, Universität Bonn.

Heuers, J., Jaklin, S., Zülkhe, R., Dittmann, S., Günther, C-P., Hildenbrandt, H. & Grimm, V., 1998. A model on the distribution and abundance of the tube-building polychaete Lanice conchilega (Pallas, 1766) in the intertidal of the Wadden Sea. Verhandlungen Ges Ökologie, 28, 207-215.

Hew, C.L., Slaughter, D., Fletcher, G.L. & Joshi, S.B., 1981. Antifreeze glycoproteins in the plasma of Newfoundland Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 2186-2192.

Hewer, H.R. 1974. British Seals. London : Collins

Hewitt, J., Thrush, S., Gibbs, M., Lohrer, D. & Norkko, A., 2006. Indirect effects of Atrina zelandica on water column nitrogen and oxygen fluxes: The role of benthic macrofauna and microphytes. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 330 (1), 261-273. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2005.12.032

Hewitt, J.E. & Pilditch, C.A., 2004. Environmental history and physiological state influence feeding responses of Atrina zelandica to suspended sediment concentrations. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 306(1), 95-112. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.01.003

Hewitt, J.E., Thrush, S.F., Legrendre, P., Cummings, V.J. & Norkko, A., 2002. Integrating heterogeneity across spatial scales: interactions between Atrina zelandica and benthic macrofauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 239, 115-128.

Heyward, A.J., 1988. Inhibitory effects of copper and zinc sulphates on fertilization in corals. In Choat, J.H., Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, pp. 299-303.

Hickman, C.S., 1992. Reproduction and development of trochean gastropods. Veliger, 35, 245-272.

Hicks, G.R.F. & Coull, B.C., 1983. The ecology of marine meiobenthic harpacticoid copepods. Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review, 21, 67-175.

Hicks, G.R.F., 1985. Meiofauna associated with rocky shore algae. In The Ecology of Rocky Coasts: essays presented to J.R. Lewis, D.Sc., (ed. P.G. Moore & R. Seed, ed.). pp. 36-56. London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.

Hicks, G.R.F., 1980. Structure of phytal harpacticoid copepod assemblages and the influence of habitat complexity and turbidity. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 44, 17-192.

Hickson, J.S., 1901. Liverpool Marine Biological Committee Memoirs Number V. Alcyonium. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society, 15, 92-113.

Hickson, S.J., 1892. Some preliminary notes on the anatomy and habits of Alcyonium digitatum. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 7, 305-308

Hickson, S.J., 1895. The anatomy of Alcyonium digitatum. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 37, 343-388.

Hiddink, J. & Wolff, W., 2002. Changes in distribution and decrease in numbers during migration of the bivalve Macoma balthica. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 233, 117-130

Hiddink, J.G., 2003. Effects of suction-dredging for cockles on non-target fauna in the Wadden Sea. Journal of Sea Research, 50, 315-323.

Hiddink, J.G., Jennings, S., Kaiser, M.J., Queirós, A.M., Duplisea, D.E. & Piet, G.J., 2006. Cumulative impacts of seabed trawl disturbance on benthic biomass, production, and species richness in different habitats. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 63 (4), 721-736.

Hiebenthal, C., Philipp, E.E.R., Eisenhauer, A. & Wahl, M., 2012. Interactive effects of temperature and salinity on shell formation and general condition in Baltic Sea Mytilus edulis and Arctica islandica. Aquatic Biology, 14 (3), 289-298.

Hiebenthal, C., Philipp, E.E.R., Eisenhauer, A. & Wahl, M., 2013. Effects of seawater pCO2 and temperature on shell growth, shell stability, condition and cellular stress of Western Baltic Sea Mytilus edulis (L.) and Arctica islandica (L.). Marine Biology, 160 (8), 2073-2087.

Higgins, H.C., 1974. Specific status of Echinocardium cordatum, E. australe and E. zealandium (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) around New Zealand, with comments on the relation of morphological variation to environment. Journal of Zoology, 173, 451-475.

Highsmith, R.C., Rucker, T.L., Stekoll, M.S., Saupe, S.M., Lindeberg, M.R., Jenne, R.N. & Erickson, W.P., 1996. Impact of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on intertidal biota. In Proceedings of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium. American Fisheries Society Symposium, no. 18, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 2-5 February 1993, (ed. S.D. Rice, R.B. Spies, D.A., Wolfe & B.A. Wright), pp.212-237.

Hilário, Ana, Metaxas, Anna, Gaudron, Sylvie M., Howell, Kerry L., Mercier, Annie, Mestre, Nélia C., Ross, Rebecca E., Thurnherr, Andreas M. & Young, Craig, 2015. Estimating dispersal distance in the deep sea: challenges and applications to marine reserves. Frontiers in Marine Science, 2 (6). DOI https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2015.00006

Hild, A. & Günther, C-P., 1999. Ecosystem engineers: Mytilus edulis and Lanice conchilega. In The Wadden Sea Ecosystem: stability properties and mechanisms (ed. S. Dittmann), pp. 43-49. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Hill, A.D., Taylor, A.C. & Strang, R.H.C., 1991. Physiological and metabolic responses of the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) during environmental anoxia and subsequent recovery. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 150, 31-50.

Hill, A.E., Brown, J. & Fernand, L., 1996b. The western Irish Sea gyre: a retention system for Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus)? Oceanologica Acta, 19, 357-368.

Hill, A.E., Brown, J. & Fernand, L., 1997. The summer gyre in the western Irish Sea: shelf sea paradigms and management implications. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 83-95.

Hill, A.E., Brown, J. & Fernand, L., 1997b. The summer gyre in the western Irish Sea: shelf sea paradigms and managment implications. Estuarine, coastal and Shelf Science, 44 (Suppl. A), 83-95.

Hill, A.S., Brand, A.R., Veale, L.O. & Hawkins, S.J., 1997. Assessment of the effects of scallop dredging on benthic communities. Final Report to MAFF, Contract CSA 2332, Liverpool: University of Liverpool

Hill, E.M. & Holland, D.L., 1985. Influence of oil shale on intertidal organisms: isolation and characterisation of metalloporphyrins that induce the settlement of Balanus balanoides and Elminius modestus. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 225, 107-120.

Hill, J.,  2008. Antedon bifida. Rosy feather-star. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [On-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 25/01/18] Available from: https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1521

Hill, J., Marzialetti, S., Pearce, B. & Newell, R., 2011. Recovery of seabed resources following marine aggregate extraction.Marine ALSF Science Monograph Series,   0907545459, 44 pp.

Hill, J.M., 2001. Ophiothrix fragilis and/or Ophiocomina nigra beds on slightly tide-swept circalittoral rock or mixed substrata. In Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line], 2014 Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.

Hill, J.M. 2006. Ensis ensis A razor shell. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1419

Hill, J.M. 2007. Polydora ciliata A bristleworm. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1410

Hill, J.M. & Wilson, E. 2000. Virgularia mirabilis Slender sea pen. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 31-03-2020]. Available from: https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1396

Hill, J.M. & Wilson, E. 2008. Amphiura filiformis A brittlestar. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://192.171.193.68/species/detail/1400

Hill, J.M., 2000. Patella vulgata. Common limpet. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. http://www.marlin.ac.uk, 2002-06-08

Hill, J.M., 2008. MarLIN - The Marine Life Information Network - Rosy feather-star (Antedon bifida).

Hill, S., Burrows, S.J. & Hawkins, S.J., 1998. Intertidal Reef Biotopes (Volume VI). An overview of dynamics and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine Special Areas of Conservation. Oban: Scottish Association for Marine Science (UK Marine SACs Project)., Scottish Association for Marine Science (UK Marine SACs Project). Available from: http://ukmpa.marinebiodiversity.org/uk_sacs/pdfs/reefbiot.pdf

Hill, T. M., Spero, H. J., Guilderson, T., LaVigne, M., Clague, D., Macalello, S. & Jang, N., 2011. Temperature and vital effect controls on bamboo coral (Isididae) isotope geochemistry: A test of the “lines method”. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12 (4). DOI https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003443

Hill, T., 1993. Algal zonation in the sublittoral fringe: the importance of competition. Ph.D. Thesis., University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.

Hill, T.O.; Emblow, C.S.; Northen, K.O., 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review. Sector 6. Inlets in eastern England: area summaries. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and Seas of the United Kingdom MNCR series.]

Hillis, J.P., 1968. Larval distribution of the Nephrops norvegicus (L) in the Irish Sea and North Channel. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Council Meeting Papers, C.M.1968/K:6.

Hillis, J.P., 1996. Factors affecting catchability in Nephrops: current speed. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Council Meeting Papers, C.M.1996/K:21.

Hillis, J.P., 1971. Effects of light on Nephrops catches. International Council for the Exploration of the Seas, Council Meeting Papers, C.M.1971/K:3.

Hillman, R.E., 1993. Relationship of environmental contaminants to occurrence of neoplasia in Mytilus edulis populations from east to west coast mussel-watch sites. Journal of Shellfish Research, 12, 109.

Hills, J. & Thomason, J., 1998. The effect of scales of surface roughness on the settlement of barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) cyprids. Biofouling, 12 (1-3), 57-69.

Hilmy, A.M., Shabana, M.B. & Saied, M., 1981. A comparative study of mercury-poisoning on Aphanius dispar (Teleost), Sergestes lucens (Crustacea) and Modiolus modiolus (Mollusca) of the Red Sea Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Pharmacology Toxicology & Endocrinology, 68 (2), 199-204. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4492(81)90016-2

Hily, C. & Le Bris, H., 1984. Dynamics of an Abra alba population (Bivalve: Scrobiculariidae) in the Bay of Brest. Estuarine and Coastal Shelf Science, 19, 463-475.

Hily, C., 1991. Is the activity of benthic suspension feeders a factor controlling water quality in the Bay of Brest? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 69, 179-188.

Hily, C., 1987. Spatio-temporal variability of Chaetozone setosa (Malmgren) populations on an organic gradient in the Bay of Brest, France. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 112, 201-216.

Hily, C., Potin, P. & Floch, J.Y. 1992. Structure of subtidal algal assemblages on soft-bottom sediments - fauna flora interactions and role of disturbances in the Bay of Brest, France. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 85, 115-130.

Himber, M. K-J. & Lehtonen, H., 1994. Systematics and nomenclature of coregonid fishes, particularly in Northwest Europe. Archive für Hydrobiologie: Special Issues on Advanced Limnology, 46, 39-47.

Himmelman, J.H., Guderley, H., Vignault, G., Drouin, G. & Wells, P.G., 1984. Response of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, to reduced salinities: importance of size, acclimation, and interpopulation differences. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62 (6), 1015-1021. DOI https://doi.org/10.1139/z84-144

Hinchey, E.K., Schaffner, L.C., Hoar, C.C., Vogt, B.W. & Batte, L.P., 2006. Responses of Estuarine Benthic Invertebrates to Sediment Burial: The Importance of Mobility and Adaptation. Hydrobiologia, 556 (1), 85-98.

Hincks, T., 1880. A history of British marine Polyzoa, vol. I & II. London: John van Voorst.

Hincks, T., 1868. A history of the British hydroid zoophytes, vol. I & II. London: van Voorst.

Hinegardner, R., 1969. Growth and development of the laboratory cultured sea urchin. Biological Bulletin (Wood Hole), 137, 465-475.

Hines, A.H., 1978. Reproduction in three species of intertidal barnacle from central California. Biological Bulletin, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 154, 262-281.

Hines, A.H., Wolcott, T.G., González-Gurriarán, E., Gonzaléz-Escalante, J.L. & Freire, J., 1995. Movement patterns and migrations in crabs: telemetry of juvenile and adult behaviour in Callinectes sapidus and Maja squinado. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 75, 27-42.

Hinojosa-Arango, G. & Riosmena-Rodríguez, R., 2004. Influence of Rhodolith-Forming Species and Growth-Form on Associated Fauna of Rhodolith Beds in the Central-West Gulf of California, México. Marine Ecology, 25 (2), 109-127.

Hinz, H., Capasso, E., Lilley, M., Frost, M. & Jenkins, S.R., 2011. Temporal differences across a bio-geographical boundary reveal slow response of sub-littoral benthos to climate change. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 423, 69-82. DOI https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08963

Hinz, H., Murray, L.G., Malcolm, F.R. & Kaiser, M.J., 2012. The environmental impacts of three different queen scallop (Aequipecten opercularis) fishing gears. Marine Environmental Research, 73, 85-95. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.11.009

Hinz, H., Prieto, V. & Kaiser, M.J., 2009. Trawl disturbance on benthic communities: chronic effects and experimental predictions. Ecological Applications 19 (3), 761-773.

Hinz, H., Tarrant, D., Ridgeway, A., Kaiser, M.J. & Hiddink, J.G., 2011. Effects of scallop dredging on temperate reef fauna. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 432, 91-102.

Hird, C.M., Urbina, M.A., Lewis, C.N., Snape, J.R. & Galloway, T.S., 2016. Fluoxetine exhibits pharmacological effects and trait-based sensitivity in a marine worm. Environmental Science & Technology, 50 (15), 8344-8352. DOI https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03233

Hiscock, H., 1985b. Aspects of the ecology of rocky sublittoral areas. In The Ecology of Rocky Coasts: essays presented to J.R. Lewis, D.Sc. (ed. P.G. Moore & R. Seed), pp. 290-328. London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd.

Hiscock, K. 2000. Circalittoral caves and overhangs. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitat/detail/10

Hiscock, K. 2007. Eunicella verrucosa Pink sea fan. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1121

Hiscock, K., 2002. Urticina felina on sand-affected circalittoral rock. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. , Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. (01/04/14). http://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitatsbasicinfo.php?habitatid=290&code=2004

Hiscock, K., 2014. Marine biodiversity conservation: a practical approach. Taylor & Francis.

Hiscock K., 2011. Census of sunset corals, Leptopsammia pruvoti, at Gap Point, Isles of Scilly, September 2010. Porcupine Marine Natural History Society Newsletter, 29, 16-19.

Hiscock, K., 2018. Exploring Britain's Hidden World: A Natural History of Seabed Habitats.  Plymouth, UK: Wild Nature Press.

Hiscock, K. & Hoare, R., 1975. The ecology of sublittoral communities at Abereiddy Quarry, Pembrokeshire. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 55 (4), 833-864.

Hiscock, K. & Hoare, R., 1975. The ecology of sublittoral communities at Abereiddy Quarry, Pembrokeshire. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the united Kingdom, 55, 833-864.

Hiscock, K. & Howlett, R. 1976. The ecology of Caryophyllia smithii Stokes & Broderip on south-western coasts of the British Isles. In Underwater Research (ed. E.A. Drew, J.N. Lythgoe & J.D. Woods), pp. 319-344. London: Academic Press.

Hiscock, K. & Jones, H., 2004. Testing criteria for assessing ‘national importance’ of marine species, biotopes (habitats) and landscapes. Report to Joint Nature Conservation Committee from the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN). Plymouth, Marine Biological Association of the UK. [JNCC Contract no. F90-01-681]

Hiscock, K. & Mitchell, R., 1980. The Description and Classification of Sublittoral Epibenthic Ecosystems. In The Shore Environment, Vol. 2, Ecosystems, (ed. J.H. Price, D.E.G. Irvine, & W.F. Farnham), 323-370. London and New York: Academic Press. [Systematics Association Special Volume no. 17(b)].

Hiscock, K. & Moore, J. 1986. Surveys of harbours, rias and estuaries in southern Britain: Plymouth area including the Yealm. Nature Conservancy Council, CSD Report, no. 752.

Hiscock, K. & Pizzolla, P., 2002. Styela gelatinosa. A sea squirt. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. (1/1/2010). http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Styelagelatinosa.htm

Hiscock, K. & Wilson, E. 2007. Metridium senile Plumose anemone. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Available from: http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1185

Hiscock, K., 1987. The distribution and abundance of Zostera marina in the area of Littlewick Bay, Milford Haven, with an account of associated communities and hydrocarbon contamination of sediments. Survey undertaken in 1986. Report for the Nature Conservancy Council by the Field Studies Council, OPRU, Orielton, 41 pp.

Hiscock, K., 1984. Rocky shore surveys of the Isles of Scilly. March 27th to April 1st and July 7th to 15th 1983. Peterborough: Nature Conservancy Council, CSD Report, No. 509.

Hiscock, K., 1985. Littoral and sublittoral monitoring in the Isles of Scilly. September 22nd to 29th, 1984. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, CSD Report, no. 562., Field Studies Council Oil Pollution Research Unit, Pembroke.

Hiscock, K., 1983. Water movement. In Sublittoral ecology. The ecology of shallow sublittoral benthos (ed. R. Earll & D.G. Erwin), pp. 58-96. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Hiscock, K., 1979b. South-west Britain sublittoral survey. Field survey of sublittoral habitats and species along the Gower coast. June 25th to 30th, 1978. Nature Conservancy Council CSD Report No. 274.

Hiscock, K., 1984b. Sublittoral surveys of Bardsey and the Lleyn peninsula. August 13th to 27th, 1983. Report prepared by the Field Studies Council, Oil Pollution Research Unit, Pembroke for the Nature Conservancy Council, CSD Report, no. 612.

Hiscock, K., 1994. Marine communities at Lundy - origins, longevity and change. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 51, 183-188.

Hiscock, K., 1981. Marine life on the wreck of the M.V. "Robert". Report of the Lundy Field Society, 32, 40-44.

Hiscock, K., 2002. Changes in the marine life of Lundy. Report of the Lundy Field Society. 52, 84-93. Available from https://lfs-resources.s3.amazonaws.com/ar52/LFS_Annual_Report_Vol_52_Part_16.pdf

Hiscock, K. (ed.), 1996. Marine Nature Conservation Review: Rationale and Methods. Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR series, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, 167 pp. 

Hiscock, K., Bayley, D., Pade, N., Cox, E. & Lacey, C., 2011. A recovery / conservation programme for marine species of conservation importance. A report to Natural England from the Marine Biological Association of the UK and SMRU Ltd. Natural England Commissioned Reports, Natural England, Peterborough, 65, 245 

Hiscock, K., Bayley, D., Pade, N., Lacey, C., Cox, E. & Enever, R., 2013. Prioritizing action for recovery and conservation of marine species: a case study based on species of conservation importance around England. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 23 (1), 88-110. DOI 10.1002/aqc.2283

Hiscock, K., ed. 1998. Marine Nature Conservation Review. Benthic marine ecosystems of Great Britain and the north-east Atlantic. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Hiscock, K., Hiscock, S. & Baker, J.M., 1978. The occurrence of the barnacle Elminius modestus in Shetland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 627-629.

Hiscock, K., Langmead, O. & Warwick, R., 2004. Identification of seabed indicator species from time-series and other studies to support implementation of the EU Habitats and Water Framework Directives. Report to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Environment Agency from the Marine Biological Association. Marine Biological Association of the UK, Plymouth. JNCC Contract F90-01-705. 109 pp.

Hiscock, K., Langmead, O., Warwick, R. & Smith, A., 2005. Identification of seabed indicator species to support implementation of the EU Habitats and Water Framework Directives. Report to the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Environment Agency The Marine Biological Association, Plymouth, 77 pp.

Hiscock, K., Rostron, D.M. & Little, A.E. 1980-83. Effects of refinery effluents on the sublittoral fauna and flora of jetty piles at the Amoco refinery, Milford Haven. Reports 1-4. , Field Studies Council Oil Pollution Research Unit, Pembroke. Amoco (U.K) Ltd, London and Welsh Water Authority, Cardiff.

Hiscock, K., Sewell, J. & Oakley, J., 2005. Marine Health Check 2005. A report to guage the health of the UK’s sea-life. Godalming, WWF-UK.

Hiscock, K., Sharrock, S., Highfield, J. & Snelling, D., 2010. Colonization of an artificial reef in south-west England—ex-HMS ‘Scylla’. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90 (1), 69-94. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409991457

Hiscock, K., Southward, A., Tittley, I. & Hawkins, S., 2004. Effects of changing temperature on benthic marine life in Britain and Ireland. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 14 (4), 333-362.

Hiscock, K., Southward, A., Tittley, I., Jory, A. & Hawkins, S., 2001. The impact of climate change on subtidal and intertidal benthic species in Scotland. Scottish National Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report , no. 182., Edinburgh: Scottish National Heritage

Hiscock, K., Stone, S.M.K. & George, J.D., 1983. The marine fauna of Lundy. Porifera (sponges): a preliminary study. Report of the Lundy Field Society, 134, 16-35.

Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H. & Jones, H., 2002. High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments - marine habitats and species project. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00, 162 pp.  Available from: https://www.marlin.ac.uk/publications

Hiscock, S. & Maggs, C.A., 1984. Notes on the distribution and ecology of some new and interesting seaweeds from south-west Britain. British Phycological Journal, 19 (1), 73-87.

Hiscock, S. & Maggs, C.A., 1982. Notes on Irish Marine Algae - 6. Zanardinia prototypus (Nardo) Nardo (Phaeophyta). Irish Naturalists' Journal, 20, 414-416.

Hiscock, S., 1979. A field key to the British brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta). Field Studies, 5, 1- 44.

Hiscock, S., 1987. A brief account of the algal flora of Zostera marina beds in the Isle of Scilly. In Sublittoral monitoring in the Isles of Scilly 1985 & 1986 (ed. R. Irving). Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.

Hiscock, S., 1986b. A field key to the British Red Seaweeds. Taunton: Field Studies Council. [Occasional Publication No.13]

Hiscock, S., 1986c. Skomer Marine Nature Reserve subtidal monitoring project. Algal results. August 1984 to February 1986. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough, CSD Report no. 620., Peterborough, Nature Conservancy Council. (CSD Report No. 620.)

Hitchin, B., 2012. New outbreak of Didemnum vexillum in North Kent: on stranger shores. Porcupine Marine Natural History Society Newsletter, 31, 43-48.

Hixon, M.A. & Tissot, B.N., 2007. Comparison of trawled vs untrawled mud seafloor assemblages of fishes and macroinvertebrates at Coquille Bank, Oregon. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 344 (1), 23-34. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.12.026

Hjulström, F., 1939. Transportation of detritus by moving water: Part 1. Transportation. Recent Marine Sediments, a Symposium (ed. P.D. Trask), pp. 5-31. Dover Publications, Inc.

Hjulstrom, F., 1935. Studies of the morphological activity of rivers as illustrated by the River Fyris, Bulletin. Geological Institute Upsalsa, 25, 221-257.

HMSO (Her Majesties Stationary Office), 1964. The effects of polluting discharges on the Thames estuary. London: W.R.P.L. Technical Paper No. 11. 609 p., London: W.R.P.L. Technical Paper No. 11. 609 p.

Ho, J.-S., 1983. Metaxymolgus longicauda (Claus), a copepod associated with the cuttle-fish, Sepia officinalis L. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63(1), 199-203.

Hoagland, K.E., 1979. The behaviour of three sympatric species of Crepidula (Gastropoda : Prosobranchia) from the Atlantic, with implications for evolutionary ecology. Nautilus, 93, 143-149.

Hoarau, G., Coyer, J., Veldsink, J., Stam, W. & Olsen, J., 2007. Glacial refugia and recolonization pathways in the brown seaweed Fucus serratus. Molecular Ecology, 16 (17), 3606-3616.

Hoarau, L., Rouzé, H., Boissin, É., Gravier-Bonnet, N., Plantard, P., Loisil, C., Bigot, L., Chabanet, P., Labarrère, P., Penin, L., Adjeroud, M. & Mulochau, T., 2021. Unexplored Refugia with High Cover of Scleractinian Leptoseris spp. and Hydrocorals Stylaster flabelliformis at Lower Mesophotic Depths (75–100 m) on Lava Flows at Reunion Island (Southwestern Indian Ocean). Diversity, 13 (4). DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/d13040141

Hoare, R. & Hiscock, K., 1974. An ecological survey of the rocky coast adjacent to the effluent of a bromine extraction plant. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 2 (4), 329-348.

Hoare, R. & Wilson, E.H., 1977. Observations on the behaviour and distribution of Virgularia mirabilis O.F. Müller (Coelenterata: Pennatulacea) in Holyhead harbour. In Proceedings of the Eleventh European Symposium on Marine Biology, University College, Galway, 5-11 October 1976. Biology of Benthic Organisms, (ed. B.F. Keegan, P.O. Ceidigh & P.J.S. Boaden, pp. 329-337. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Hobday, A.J., Alexander, L.V., Perkins, S.E., Smale, D.A., Straub, S.C., Oliver, E.C.J., Benthuysen, J.A., Burrows, M.T., Donat, M.G., Feng, M., Holbrook, N.J., Moore, P.J., Scannell, H.A., Sen Gupta, A. & Wernberg, T., 2016. A hierarchical approach to defining marine heatwaves. Progress in Oceanography, 141, 227-238. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2015.12.014

Hobson, A., 1930. Regeneration of the Spines in Sea-Urchins. Nature, 125, 168.

Hochberg. F. G.,1990. Diseases caused by protistans and metazoans. In Kinne: Diseases of Marine Animals. Vol III. Diseases of Mollusca: Cephalopoda, Hamburg: pp. 47-202.

Hodges, J. & Howe, M., 1997. Milford Haven waterway monitoring of eelgrass, Zostera angustifolia, following the Sea Empress oils spill. Report to Shoreline & Terrestrial Task Group. Sea Empress Environmental Evaluation Committee,

Hodgson, L.M., 1984. Desiccation tolerance of Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology, 20, 444-446.

Hoeksema & Segers, 1993. On the systematics and distribution of the marine gastropod Caecum armoricum. Gloria maris, 31, 79-88.

Hoelzel, A., Shivji, M.S., Magnussen, J. & Francis, M.P., 2006. Low worldwide genetic diversity in the basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Biology letters, 2 (4), 639-642.

Hoenselaar, H.J. & Hoenselaar, J., 1990. On the identification of protoconchs of some European Caecidae (Gastropoda Prosobranchia). Basteria, 54: 167-169. 

Hoffmann, F., Røy, H., Bayer, K., Hentschel, U., Pfannkuchen, M., Brümmer, F. & de Beer, D., 2008. Oxygen dynamics and transport in the Mediterranean sponge Aplysina aerophoba. Marine Biology, 153 (6), 1257-1264. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-008-0905-3

Hoffmann, F., Rapp, H.T., Zöller, T. & Reitner, J., 2003. Growth and regeneration in cultivated fragments of the boreal deep water sponge Geodia barretti Bowerbank, 1858 (Geodiidae, Tetractinellida, Demospongiae). Journal of Biotechnology, 100 (2), 109-118. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(02)00258-4

Hofmann, G.E., Barry, J.P., Edmunds, P.J., Gates, R.D., Hutchins, D.A., Klinger, T. & Sewell, M.A., 2010. The Effect of Ocean Acidification on Calcifying Organisms in Marine Ecosystems: An Organism-to-Ecosystem Perspective. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 41, 127-147. DOI https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120227

Hofmann, L.C., Straub, S. & Bischof, K., 2013. Elevated CO₂ levels affect the activity of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase in the calcifying rhodophyte Corallina officinalis. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64 (4), 899-908. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ers369

Hofmann, L.C., Straub, S. & Bischof, K., 2012a. Competition between calcifying and noncalcifying temperate marine macroalgae under elevated CO2 levels. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 464, 89-105. DOI https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09892

Hofmann, L.C., Yildiz, G., Hanelt, D. & Bischof, K.J.M.B., 2012b. Physiological responses of the calcifying rhodophyte, Corallina officinalis (L.), to future CO2 levels. 159 (4), 783-792. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-011-1854-9

Hogan, R.I., Hopkins, K., Wheeler, A.J., Allcock, A.L. & Yesson, C., 2019. Novel diversity in mitochondrial genomes of deep-sea Pennatulacea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia). Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 30 (6), 764-777. DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/24701394.2019.1634699

Hogg, M.M., Tendal, O.S., Conway, K.W., Pomponi, S.A., van Soest, R.W.M., Gutt, J., Krautter, M. & Roberts, J.M., 2010.  Deep-sea Sponge Grounds: Reservoirs of Biodiversity. UNEP-WCMC Biodiversity Series No. 32. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK. https://resources.unep-wcmc.org/products/WCMC_RT401

Holbrook, N.J., Scannell, H.A., Sen Gupta, A., Benthuysen, J.A., Feng, M., Oliver, E.C.J., Alexander, L.V., Burrows, M.T., Donat, M.G., Hobday, A.J., Moore, P.J., Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S.E., Smale, D.A., Straub, S.C. & Wernberg, T., 2019. A global assessment of marine heatwaves and their drivers. Nature Communications, 10 (1), 2624-2624. DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10206-z

Holden, M. J. & Vince, M. R., 1973. Age validation studies on the centra of Raja clavata using tetracycline ICES Journal of Marine Science, 35(1), 13-17

Holden, M. J., 1975. The fecundity of Raja clavata in British waters.

Holden, M. J., 1972. The growth rates of Raja brachyura, R. clavata and R. montagui as determined from tagging data. Journal du Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer, 34, 161–168.

Holden, M.J. & Horrod, R.G., 1979. The migrations of tope, Galeorhinus galeus L. in the eastern North Atlantic as determined by tagging. Journal du Conseil Permanent International pour l'Exploration de la Mer, 38, 314-317

Holden, M.J., 1960. Evidence of Cod (Gadus morhua L.) Migrations from the Norway Coast to the Faroese Islands. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 26(1), 68-72.

Holden, P. & Baker, J.M., 1980. Dispersant-treated compared with untreated crude oil. Experiments with oil and dispersants on the seagrass Zostera noltii. Report to the Advisory Committee on Pollution of the Sea, Field Studies Council.

Holdich, D.M. & Jones, J.A. 1983. The distribution and ecology of British shallow-water tanaid crustaceans (Peracarida, Tanaidacea). Journal of Natural History, 17, 157-183.

Holdich, D.M. & Jones, N.S. 1983b. Tanaids. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (ed. D.M. Kermack & R.S.K. Barnes), 28. London: Linnean Society of London.

Holdich, D.M., 1976. A comparison of the ecology and life cycles of two species of littoral isopod. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 24, 133-149.

Holdich, D.M., 1968. Reproduction, growth and bionomics of Dynamene bidentata (Crustacea: Isopoda). Journal of Zoology, 156, 137-153.

Holland, D.I., Crisp, D.J., Huxley, R. & Sisson, J., 1984. Influence of oil shale on intertidal organisms: effects of oil shale extract on settlement of the barnacle Balanus balanoides(L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 75, 245-255.

Holland, G.J., Greenstreet, S.P.R., Gibb, I.M., Fraser, H.M. & Robertson, M.R., 2005. Identifying sandeel Ammodytes marinus sediment habitat preferences in the marine environment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 303, 269-282.

Hollertz, K. & Duchêne, J.-C., 2001. Burrowing behaviour and sediment reworking in the heart urchin Brissopsis lyrifera Forbes (Spatangoida). Marine Biology, 139, 951-957.

Hollertz, K., 1998. The response of Brissopsis lyrifera (Echinoidea: Spatangoida) to organic matter on the sediment surface. In Echinoderm Research (eds. Candia Carnevali, M.D. & Bonasoro, F.), 79-84.

Hollertz, K., 2002. Feeding biology and carbon budget of the sediment-burrowing heart urchin Brissopsis lyrifera (Echinoidea: Spatangoida). Marine Biology, 140, 959-969.

Hollertz, K., Skold, M. & Rosenberg, R., 1998. Interactions between two deposit feeding echinoderms: the spatangoid Brissopsis lyrifera (Forbes) and the ophiuroid Amphiura chiajei (Forbes). Hydrobiologia, 376, 287-295.

Holme, N., 1967. Changes in the bottom fauna of Weymouth Bay and Poole Bay following the severe winter of 1962–63. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 47 (02), 397-405

Holme, N.A. & Wilson, J.B., 1985. Faunas associated with longitudinal furrows and sand ribbons in a tide-swept area in the English Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 65, 1051-1072.

Holme, N.A., 1974. The biology of Loligo forbesi Steenstrup (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) in the Plymouth area. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 54, 481-503.

Holme, N.A., 1984. Fluctuations of Ophiothrix fragilis in the western English Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 64, 351-378.

Holme, N.A., 1954. The ecology of British species of Ensis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 33, 145-172.

Holme, N.A., 1949. The fauna of sand and mud banks near the mouth of the Exe Estuary. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 28, 189-237.

Holme, N.A., 1966. The bottom fauna of the English Channel. Part II. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 46, 401-493.

Holme, N.A., 1961. The bottom fauna of the English Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 41, 397-461.

Holmer, M. & Laursen, L., 2002. Effect of shading of Zostera marina (eelgrass) on sulfur cycling in sediments with contrasting organic matter and sulfide pools. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 270 (1), 25-37.

Holmes, J.M., Gräns, A-S, Neil, D.M. & Baden, S.P., 1999. The effects of the metal ions Mn²⁺ and Co²⁺ on muscle contraction in the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.). Journal of Comparative Physiology, B, 169, 401-410.

Holmes, S.P., Miller, N. & Weber, A., 2002. The respiration and hypoxic tolerance of Nucula nitidosa and Nucula nucleus: factors responsible for determining their distribution? Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 82, 971-981.

Holmes, S.P., Walker, G. & van der Meer, J., 2005. Barnacles, limpets and periwinkles: the effects of direct and indirect interactions on cyprid settlement and success. Journal of Sea Research, 53 (3), 181-204.

Holmes, S.P., Witbaard, R. & Meer, J.v.d., 2003. Phenotypic and genotypic population differentiation in the bivalve mollusc Arctica islandica: Results from RAPD analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 254, 163-176.

Holmes, S.P., Witbaard, R. & van der Meer, J., 2003. Phenotypic and genotypic population differentiation in the bivalve mollusc Arctica islandica: results from RAPD analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 254, 163-176.

Holmström, W.F. & Morgan, E., 1983a. Variation in the naturally occurring ryhthm of the estuarine amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63, 833-850.

Holmström, W.F. & Morgan, E., 1983b. The effects of low temperature pulses in rephasing the endogenous activity rhythm of Corophium volutator (Pallas). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63, 851-860.

Holst, S., Sötje, I., Tiemann, H. & Jarms, G., 2007. Life cycle of the rhizostome jellyfish Rhizostoma octopus (L.) (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae), with studies on cnidocysts and statoliths. Marine Biology, 151 (5), 1695-1710. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0594-8

Holt, R., 1991b. Marine Nature Conservation Review. Surveys of Scottish sealochs: Loch Etive. Volume 1 Report. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Commissioned Research Report no. 10, University Marine Biological Station, Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, 93 pp.

Holt, R., 2024. GB Non-native organism risk assessment for Didemnum vexillum. GB Non-native Species Information Portal, GB Non-native Species Secretariat.

Holt, R. & Davies, M. 1991. Marine Nature Conservation Review. Surveys of Scottish sealochs: sealochs in the northern Firth of Clyde. (Contractor: University Marine Biological Station, Millport). , Peterborough, Nature Conservancy Council (CSD Report, No. 1147).

Holt, R., 1991. Surveys of Scottish Sealochs, Lochs Laxford, Inchard, Broom and Little Loch Broom. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough. Marine Nature Conservation Review Report no. 16.

Holt, R.H.F., 1999. Crustaceans: Mantis Shrimp Rissoides desmaresti http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/BMLSS/Mantis.htm, 2002-12-04

Holt, T.J., Hartnoll, R.G. & Hawkins, S.J., 1997. The sensitivity and vulnerability to man-induced change of selected communities: intertidal brown algal shrubs, Zostera beds and Sabellaria spinulosa reefs. English Nature, Peterborough, English Nature Research Report No. 234.

Holt, T.J., Jones, D.R., Hawkins, S.J. & Hartnoll, R.G., 1995. The sensitivity of marine communities to man induced change - a scoping report. Countryside Council for Wales, Bangor, Contract Science Report, no. 65.

Holt, T.J., Rees, E.I., Hawkins, S.J. & Seed, R., 1998. Biogenic reefs (Volume IX). An overview of dynamic and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs. Scottish Association for Marine Science (UK Marine SACs Project), 174 pp. Available from: http://ukmpa.marinebiodiversity.org/uk_sacs/pdfs/biogreef.pdf

Holte, B. & Oug, E., 1996. Soft-bottom macrofauna and responses to organic enrichment in the subarctic waters of Tromsoe, northern Norway. Journal of Sea Research, 36, 227-237.

Holte, B., Oug, E. & Dahle, S., 2005. Soft-bottom fauna and oxygen minima in sub-arctic north Norwegian marine sill basins. Marine Biology Research, 1 (2), 85-96.

Holthe, T., 1986. Marine Invertebrates of Scandinavia. No. 7. Polychaeta Terebellomorpha. Norway: Norwegian University Press

Holthuijzen, Y.A., 1979. The food of the spotted redshank Tringa erythropus in the Dollard. Limosa, 52, 22-33.

Holthuis, L.B., 1991. FAO Species Catalogue, vol. 13. Marine lobsters of the World. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries known to date. Food and Aqriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, 13, 292.

Holtmann, S.E., Groenewold, A., Schrader, K.H.M., Asjes, J., Craeymeersch, J.A., Duineveld, G.C.A., van Bostelen, A.J. & van der Meer, J., 1996. Atlas of the zoobenthos of the Dutch continental shelf. Rijswijk: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management.

Homstrom, C., Rittschof, D., & Kjelleborg, S., 1992. Inhibition of settlement by larvae of Balanus amphitrite and Ciona intestinalis by a surface colonising marine bacterium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 58, 2111-2115.

Honda, M., Gunjikake, H., Matsui, S., Qiu, X. C., Shimasaki, Y. & Oshima, Y., 2017. Effect of Repeated Exposure to Low Oxygen on Respiratory Metabolism and Vertical Movements in the Pen Shell Atrina lischkeana. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Kyushu University, 62 (2), 387-392.

Honeggar,  R., 1996. Experimental studies of growth and regenerative capacity in the foliose lichen Xanthoria parietina. New Phytologist, 133(4), 573-581. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb01926.x

Honeggar, R., 2008. Morphogenesis. In Lichen Biology 2edn. (Nash III, T.H. ed.), pp 69-93. Cambridge, Cambrdige University Press

Hong, J. & Reish, D.J., 1987. Acute toxicity of cadmium to eight species of marine amphipod and isopod crustaceans from southern California. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 39, 884-888.

Hong, W.-L., Sauer, S., Panieri, G., Ambrose, W.G., James, R.H., Plaza-Faverola, A. & Schneider, A., 2016. Removal of methane through hydrological, microbial, and geochemical processes in the shallow sediments of pockmarks along eastern Vestnesa Ridge (Svalbard). Limnology and Oceanography, 61 (S1), S324-S343.

Honkoop, P. & Van der Meer, J., 1998. Experimentally induced effects of water temperature and immersion time on reproductive output of bivalves in the Wadden Sea. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 220 (2), 227-246.

Honkoop, P.J., Berghuis, E.M., Holthuijsen, S., Lavaleye, M.S. & Piersma, T., 2008. Molluscan assemblages of seagrass-covered and bare intertidal flats on the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania, in relation to characteristics of sediment and organic matter. Journal of Sea Research, 60 (4), 255-263.

Hoogenboom, J., Wong, S.N.P., Ronconi, R.A., Koopman, H.N., Murison, L.D. & Westgate, A.J., 2015. Environmental predictors and temporal patterns of basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) occurrence in the lower Bay of Fundy, Canada. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 465, 24-32.

Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M., 2002. Systema Porifera: A guide to the classification of sponges. Volume 1 & 2. New York: Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers.

Hootsmans, M.J.M., Vermaat, J.E. & Vierssen, van W., 1987. Seed-bank development, germination and early seedling survival of two seagrass species from the Netherlands: Zostera marina L. and Zostera noltii Hornem. Aquatic Botany, 28 (3), 275-285

Hop, H., Pearson, T., Hegseth, E.N., Kovacs, K.M., Wiencke, C., Kwasniewski, S., Eiane, K., Mehlum, F., Gulliksen, B. & Wlodarska‐Kowalczuk, M., 2002. The marine ecosystem of Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polar Research, 21 (1), 167-208.

Hopkin, R. & Kain, J.M., 1978. The effects of some pollutants on the survival, growth and respiration of Laminaria hyperborea. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 7, 531-553.

Hopkin, S., 1991. A key to the woodlice of Britain & Ireland. Preston Montford: Field Studies Council. [AIDGAP key 204.]

Hopkin, S., 2004. Anurida maritima: Distribution maps http://www.ams.rdg.ac.uk/zoology/collembola/maps/068ANmar/, 2005-01-12

Hopkins, S.H., 1962. Distribution of species of Cliona (boring sponge) on the Eastern Shore of Virginia in relation to salinity. Chesapeake Science, 3 (2), 121-124.

Hopper, B., 1966. Theristus polychaetophilus n. sp.(Nematoda), an external parasite of the spionid polychaete Scolelepis (Scolelepis) squamata (Müller, 1806). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44 (5), 787-791.

Horn, M.H. & Gibson, R.N., 1990. Effects of temperature on the food processing of three species of seaweed-eating fishes from the European coastal waters. Journal of Fish Biology, 37, 237-247.

Hornberger, M.I., Luoma, S.N., Cain, D.J., Parchaso, F., Brown, C.L., Bouse, R.M., Wellise, C. & Thompson, J.K., 2000. Linkage of bioaccumulation and biological effects to changes in pollutant loads in South San Francisco Bay. Environmental science & technology, 34 (12), 2401-2409.

Hornsey, I. S., & Hide, D.,1974. The production of antimicrobial compounds by British Marine Algae I. Antibiotic-producing marine algae. British Phycological Journal, 9(4), 353-361.

Horta, A., Pinteus, S., Alves, C., Fino, N., Silva, J., Fernandez, S., Rodrigues, A. & Pedrosa, R., 2014. Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the Bifurcaria bifurcata epiphytic bacteria. Marine Drugs, 12 (3), 1676-1689.

Horta-Puga, G. & Carricart-Ganivet, J. P., 1990. Stylaster roseus Pallas, 1766 first record of a stylasterid Cnidaria Hydrozoa in the Gulf of Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science, 47.2, 575-576.

Hostens, K. & Mees, J., 1999. The mysid-feeding guild of demersal fishes in the brackish zone of the Westerschelde Estuary. Journal of Fish Biology, 55, 704-719.

Hostens, K., 2000. Spatial patterns and seasonality in the epibenthic communities of the Westerschelde (Southern Bight of the North Sea). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 80, 27-36.

Hough, A.R. & Naylor, E., 1992. Distribution and position maintenance behaviour of the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 72, 869-876.

Hough, A.R. & Naylor, E., 1992b. Biological and physical aspects of migration in the estuarine amphipod Gammarus zaddachi. Marine Biology, 112, 437-443.

Houghton, D.R. & Millar, R.H., 1960. Spread of Styela mammiculata Carlisle. Nature, 185, 862.

Houghton, D.R., Pearman, I. & Tierney, D., 1973. The effect of water velocity on the settlement of swarmers of the green alga Enteromorpha. In Proceedings of the third international congress on marine corrosion and fouling (ed. R.F. Acker, B. Floyd Brown, J.R. DePalma & W.P. Iverson), 682-690. Evanston, Northwestern University Press.

Houghton, J.D.R., Doyle, T.K., Davenport, J. & Hays, G.C., 2006. Developing a simple, rapid method for identifying and monitoring jellyfish aggregations from the air. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 314, 159-170. DOI http://doi.org/10.3354/meps314159

Houghton, J.P., Lees, D.C., Driskell, W.B., Lindstrom & Mearns, A.J., 1996. Recovery of Prince William Sound intertidal epibiota from Exxon Valdez oiling and shoreline treatments, 1989 through 1992. In Proceedings of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Symposium. American Fisheries Society Symposium, no. 18, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 2-5 February 1993, (ed. S.D. Rice, R.B. Spies, D.A., Wolfe & B.A. Wright), pp.379-411.

Houghton, R.G., Williams, T. & Blacker, R.W., 1971. Some effects of double beam trawling. International Council for the Exploration of the Sea CM 1971/B:5, 12 pp. (mimeo)., International Council for the Exploration of the Sea CM 1971/B:5, 12 pp. (mimeo).

Houlihan, D.F., Innes, A.J. & Dey, D.G., 1981. The influence of mantle cavity fluid on the aerial oxygen consumption of some intertidal gastropods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 49, 57-68.

Houpert, L., Testor, P., Durrieu de Madron, X., Somot, S., D’Ortenzio, F., Estournel, C. & Lavigne, H., 2015. Seasonal cycle of the mixed layer, the seasonal thermocline and the upper-ocean heat storage rate in the Mediterranean Sea derived from observations. Progress in Oceanography, 132, 333-352. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2014.11.004

Hourdez, S. & Lallier, F.H., 2007. Adaptations to hypoxia in hydrothermal-vent and cold-seep invertebrates. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 6 (1), 143-159.

Houtman, R., Paul, L.R., Ungemach, R.V., & Ydenberg, R.C., 1997. Feeding and predator avoidance in the rose anemone Urticina piscivora. Marine Biology, 128, 225-229.

Hovland, M. & Judd, A., 1988. Seabed pockmarks and seepages: impact on geology, biology, and the marine environment.  London: Graham & Trotman.

Hovland, M. & Mortensen, P.B., 1999. Norske korallrev og prosesser i havbunnen. Bergen: John Grieg forlag.

Hovland, M. & Thomsen, E., 1997. Cold-water corals - are they hydrocarbon seep related? Marine Geology, 137, 159-164.

Hovland, M., Mortensen, P., Brattegard, P., Strass, T. & Kokeongen, K., 1998. Ahermatypic coral banks off Mid-Norway: evidence for a link with seepage of light hydrocarbons. Palaios, 13, 189-200.

Howard, A., 1998. Razor clam injuries at Paignton Beach. Shellfish News, 6, 6.

Howard, A.E., 1982. The distribution and behaviour of ovigerous edible crabs (Cancer pagurus), and consequent sampling bias. Journal du Conseil, 40, 259-261.

Howard, F. G., 1989. The Norway lobster. Scottish Fisheries Information Pamphlet No. 7. Second edition,, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland.

Howard, R. & Koehn, J., 1985. Population dynamics and feeding ecology of pipefish (Syngnathidae) associated with eelgrass beds of Western Port, Victoria. Marine and Freshwater Research, 36 (3), 361-370. DOI https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9850361

Howard, S. & Little, D.I., 1987. Effect of infaunal burrow structure on oil penetration into sediments. In Proceedings of the 1987 Oil Spill Conference (Prevention, Behaviour, Control, Cleanup), 10th biennial, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 6-9 April 1987, pp. 427-431. Washington D.C.: American Petroleum Institute.

Howard, S., Baker, J. M., Hiscock, K., 1989. The Efffects of Oil and Dispersants on Seagrasses in Milford Haven. In Dicks, B. (eds.). Ecological Impacts of the Oil Industury. London: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp. 61-96.

Howard, S., Baker, J.M. & Hiscock, K., 1989. The effects of oil and dispersants on seagrasses in Milford Haven. In Ecological Impacts of the Oil Industry,(ed. B. Dicks), pp. 61-96. Chichester: John Wiel & Sons Ltd. for the Institute of Petroleum, London.

Howard-Williams, C. & Liptrot, M.R.K., 1980. Submerged macrophyte communities in a brackish South African estuarine-lake system. Aquatic Botany, 9, 101-116.

Howe, P.L., Reichelt-Brushett, A.J. & Clark, M.W., 2012. Aiptasia pulchella: a tropical cnidarian representative for laboratory ecotoxicological research. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31 (11), 2653-2662. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.1993

Howe, P.L., Reichelt-Brushett, A.J. & Clark, M.W., 2014b. Investigating lethal and sublethal effects of the trace metals cadmium, cobalt, lead, nickel and zinc on the anemone Aiptasia pulchella, a cnidarian representative for ecotoxicology in tropical marine environments. Marine and Freshwater Research, 65 (6), 551-561. DOI https://doi.org/10.1071/mf13195

Howe, P.L., Reichelt-Brushett, A.J. & Clark, M.W., 2014. Effects of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn on asexual reproduction and early development of the tropical sea anemone Aiptasia pulchella. Ecotoxicology, 23 (9), 1593-606. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1299-2

Howe, P.L., Reichelt-Brushett, A.J., Krassoi, R. & Micevska, T., 2015. Comparative sensitivity of the cnidarian Exaiptasia pallida and a standard toxicity test suite: testing whole effluents intended for ocean disposal. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22 (17), 13225-13233. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4513-8

Howell, K. L., Bullimore, R. D. & Foster, N. L., 2014. Quality assurance in the identification of deep-sea taxa from video and image analysis: response to Henry and Roberts. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71 (4), 899-906. DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu052

Howell, K. L., Davies, J. S., Allcock, A. L., Braga-Henriques, A., Buhl-Mortensen, P., Carreiro-Silva, M., Dominguez-Carrió, C., Durden, J. M., Foster, N. L., Game, C. A., Hitchin, B., Horton, T., Hosking, B., Jones, D. O. B., Mah, C., Laguionie Marchais, C., Menot, L., Morato, T., Pearman, T. R. R., Piechaud, N., Ross, R. E., Ruhl, H. A., Saeedi, H., Stefanoudis, P. V., Taranto, G. H., Thompson, M. B., Taylor, J. R., Tyler, P., Vad, J., Victorero, L., Vieira, R. P., Woodall, L. C., Xavier, J. R. & Wagner, D., 2019. A framework for the development of a global standardised marine taxon reference image database (SMarTaR-ID) to support image-based analyses. PLOS ONE, 14 (12), e0218904. DOI https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218904

Howell, K. L., Davies, J. S., Hughes, D. J. & Narayanaswamy, B. E., 2007. Strategic environmental assessment/special area for conservation photographic analysis report. Department of Trade and Industry, London, UK. , 163 pp.

Howell, K. L., Davies, J. S., Hughes, D. J. & Narayanaswamy, B. E., 2007. Strategic environmental assessment/special area for conservation photographic analysis report. Department of Trade and Industry, London, UK. , 163 pp.

Howell, K. L., Davies, J. S., Jacobs, C. & Narayanaswamy, B. E., 2009. Broadscale Survey of the Habitats of Rockall Bank, and mapping of Annex I ‘Reef’ Habitat. Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report. JNCC Report No. 422, JNCC, Peterborough, 165-165 pp.

Howell, K. L., Huvenne, V., Piechaud, N., Robert, K. & Ross, R. E., 2013. Analysis of biological data from the JC060 survey of areas of conservation interest in deep waters off north and west Scotland. JNCC Report No. 528, , 105 pp.

Howell, K. L., Huvenne, V., Piechaud, N., Robert, K. & Ross, R. E., 2013. Analysis of biological data from the JC060 survey of areas of conservation interest in deep waters off north and west Scotland. JNCC, Peterborough, JNCC Report No. 528, 105 pp.

Howell, K.-L., Piechaud, N., Downie, A.-L. & Kenny, A., 2016. The distribution of deep-sea sponge aggregations in the North Atlantic and implications for their effective spatial management. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 115, 309-320. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.07.005

Howell, K.L., 2010. A benthic classification system to aid in the implementation of marine protected area networks in the deep/high seas of the NE Atlantic. Biological Conservation, 143 (5), 1041-1056. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.02.001

Howell, K.L., Billett, D.S.M. & Tyler, P.A., 2002. Depth-related distribution and abundance of seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Porcupine Seabight and Porcupine Abyssal Plain, N.E. Atlantic. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 49 (10), 1901-1920. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(02)00090-0

Howell, K.L., Davies, J.S. & Narayanaswamy, B.E., 2010. Identifying deep-sea megafaunal epibenthic assemblages for use in habitat mapping and marine protected area network design. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 90 (01), 33. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315409991299

Howell, K.L., Davies, J.S. & van den Beld, I., 2017. Deep-sea species image catalogue. University of Plymouth, Ifremer, NOAA. Available from: http://www.deepseacatalogue.fr/

Howell, K.L., Taylor, M., Crombie, K., Faithfull, S., Golding, N., Nimmo-Smith, W.A., Perrett, J., Piechaud, N., Ross, R.E., Stashchuk, N., Turner, D., Vlasenko, V., Foster, N.L., 2016. RRS James Cook, Cruise No. JC136, 14th May – 23rd June, DEEPLINKS: Influence of population connectivity on depth-dependent diversity of deep-sea marine benthic biota. Plymouth University, 1-141 pp.

Howell, Kerry L., Holt, Rebecca, Endrino, Inés Pulido & Stewart, Heather, 2011. When the species is also a habitat: Comparing the predictively modelled distributions of Lophelia pertusa and the reef habitat it forms. Biological Conservation, 144 (11), 2656-2665. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIOCON.2011.07.025

Howell, T.R.W & Fraser, D.I., 1984. Observations on the dispersal and mortality of the scallop Pecten maximus (L.). ICES Council Meeting Papers, K: 35.

Howie, D.I.D., 1959. The spawning of Arenicola marina (L.). I. The breeding season. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 38, 395-406.

Howlett, D.J., 1990. The arrival in Britain of Ensis americanus. Conchologist's Newsletter, 114, 301-302.

Howson, C., Bunker, F. & Mercer, T., 2005. Isle of Thanet European Marine Site sublittoral monitoring. Nature England, Peterborough, FST20-46-16, pp. 

Howson, C.M. & Davies, L.M., 1991. Marine Nature Conservation Review, Surveys of Scottish Sea Lochs. A towed video survey of Loch Fyne. Vol. 1 - Report. Report to the Nature Conservancy Council from the University Marine Biological Station, Millport.

Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E. ed., 1999. The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. CD-ROM Edition. Ulster Museum and The Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye., Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication no. 280.]

Howson, C.M. & Picton, B.E., 1997. The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.]

Howson, C.M., 1988. Marine Nature Conservation Review. Survey of Shetland, Foula and Fair Isle, 1987. Volume 1, Report. Report to the Nature Conservancy Council from the Field Studies Council of Oil Pollution Research Unit, Orielton, Pembroke, Dyfed.

Howson, C.M., 1999. Marine Nature Conservation Review. Sector 1. Shetland: area summaries. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. [Coasts and seas of the United Kingdom. MNCR Series.]

Howson, C.M., 1996. Survey of the shallow sublittoral biotopes in Loch Sunart. Scottish Natural Heritage Research, Survey and Monitoring Report, no. 67.

Howson, C.M., Clark, L., Mercer, T.S. & James, B., 2012. Marine biological survey to establish the distribution and status of fan mussels Atrina fragilis and other Marine Protected Areas (MPA) search features within the Sound of Canna, Inner Hebrides. Scotttish Natural Heritage Commissioned Report No. 438, Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh, 186 pp. http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/438low.pdf

Howson, C.M., Connor, D.W. & Holt, R.H.F., 1994. The Scottish sealochs - an account of surveys undertaken for the Marine Nature Conservation Review. Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report, No. 164 (Marine Nature Conservation Review Report MNCR/SR/27)., Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report, No. 164 (Marine Nature Conservation Review Report MNCR/SR/27).

Howson, C.M., Mercer, T. & Moore, J.J., 2006. Site Condition Monitoring: survey of rocky reefs in the Firth of Lorn marine Special Area of Conservation. Scottish Natural Heritage, Inverness, Scotland, 316 pp. Available from http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/F05AC701.pdf

Hrs-Benko, M., 1973. Notes on the biology of Lima hians in the north Adriatic Sea. Rapports et Proces-verbaux des Reunions. Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Mer Mediterranee. Paris, 21(9), 697-699.

Hrs-Brenko, M. & Calabrese, A., 1969. The combined effects of salinity and temperature on larvae of the mussel Mytilus edulis. Marine Biology, 4, 224-226.

Hrs-Brenko, M., 1981. Population studies of Corbula gibba (Olivi), Bivalvia, Corbulidae, in the Northern Adriatic Sea. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 47, 17 - 24.

Hruby, T. & Norton, T.A., 1979. Algal colonization on rocky shores in the Firth of Clyde. Journal of Ecology, 67, 65-77.

Hsing, Pen-Yuan, Fu, Bo, Larcom, Elizabeth A., Berlet, Samantha P., Shank, Timothy M., Govindarajan, Annette F., Lukasiewicz, Alexandra J., Dixon, Philip M. & Fisher, Charles R., 2013. Evidence of lasting impact of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on a deep Gulf of Mexico coral community. Elementa Science of Anthropocene. DOI https://doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000012

Hua, J. & Relyea, R., 2014. Chemical cocktails in aquatic systems: Pesticide effects on the response and recovery of >20 animal taxa. Environmental Pollution, 189, 18-26. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.02.007

Huang, D., Ou, H., Wang, D., Chen, J. & Ding, S., 2016. Sexual reproduction of the potentially cultivable sponge Mycale phyllophila (Porifera, Demospongiae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 96 (5), 1073-1081. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315415001708

Hubbard, J. & Stebbings, R., 1967. Distribution, dates of origin, and acreage of Spartina townsendii (sl.) marshes in Great Britain. Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles, 7 (1), 1-7.

Huber, M. & Gofas, S., 2015. Petricolaria pholadiformis (Lamarck, 1818). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species [On-line] at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=156961 on 2015-05-01

Huddart, R. & Arthur, D.R., 1971. Shrimps in relation to oxygen depletion and its ecological significance in a polluted estuary. Environmental Pollution, 2, 13-35.

Hudon, C., Bourget, E., & Legendre, P., 1983. An integrated study of the factors influencing the choice of the settling site of Balanus crenatus cyprid larvae. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40 (8), 1186-1194.

Hudson, A.V. & Reynolds, J.D., 1984. Distribution of Irish intertidal Talitridae. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society, 8, 63-78.

Hudson, D., 1992. The ecological and commercial potential of reedbed treatment systems. In Reedbeds for wildlife (ed. D. Ward,), pp. 37-41. Sandy, Bedfordshire: Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) / University of Bristol.

Hudson, I.R., Wigham, B.D., 2003. In situ observations of predatory feeding behaviour of the galatheid squat lobster Munida sarsi (Huus, 1935) using a remotely operated vehicle Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83 (3), 463-464. DOI https://doi.org/0.1017/S0025315403007343h

Huff, T.M. & Jarett, J.K., 2007. Sand addition alters the invertebrate community of intertidal coralline turf. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 345, 75-82.

Hufford, K.M. & Mazer, S.J., 2003. Plant ecotypes: genetic differentiation in the age of ecological restoration. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18 (3), 147-155.

Huggett, J. & Griffiths, C.L., 1986. Some relationships between elevation, physico-chemical variables and biota of intertidal rockpools. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 29, 198-197.

Hughes, A.R. & Stachowicz, J.J., 2004. Genetic diversity enhances the resistance of a seagrass ecosystem to disturbance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101 (24), 8998-9002.

Hughes, D. & Gage, J., 2004. Benthic metazoan biomass, community structure and bioturbation at three contrasting deep-water sites on the northwest European continental margin. Progress in Oceanography, 63 (1), 29-55.

Hughes, D. J., Ansell, A.D. & Atkinson, R.J.A., 1994. Resource utilization by a sedentary surface deposit feeder, the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 112, 267-275.

Hughes, D. J., Ansell, A.D. & Atkinson, R.J.A., 1996. Distribution, ecology and life cycle of Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Echiura: Bonelliidae): a review with notes on field identification. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 76, 897-908.

Hughes, D.J. & Atkinson, R.J.A., 1997. A towed video survey of megafaunal bioturbation in the north-eastern Irish Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 77, 635-653.DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400036122

Hughes, D.J. & Narayanaswamy, B.E., 2013. Impacts of climate change on deep-sea habitats. MCCIP Science Review, 2013, 204-210.

Hughes, D.J., 1998a. Sea pens & burrowing megafauna (volume III). An overview of dynamics and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs. Natura 2000 report prepared for Scottish Association of Marine Science (SAMS) for the UK Marine SACs Project., Scottish Association for Marine Science. (UK Marine SACs Project). Available from: http://ukmpa.marinebiodiversity.org/uk_sacs/pdfs/seapens.pdf

Hughes, D.J., 1998b. Subtidal brittlestar beds. An overview of dynamics and sensitivity characteristics for conservation management of marine SACs. Natura 2000 report prepared for Scottish Association of Marine Science (SAMS) for the UK Marine SACs Project., Scottish Association for Marine Science. (UK Marine SACs Project, Vol. 3). Available from: http://ukmpa.marinebiodiversity.org/uk_sacs/pdfs/britstar.pdf

Hughes, D.J., 2011. Where’s the ‘reef’? A five year study of serpulid tube bioerosion in a Scottish sea loch. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 430, 273-280. DOI https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08966

Hughes, D.J., Ansell, A.D. & Atkinson, R.J.A., 1996. Sediment bioturbation by the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman) and its consequences radionuclide dispersal in Irish Sea sediments. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 195 (2), 203-220.

Hughes, D.J., Atkinson R.J.A. & Ansell, A.D., 1999. The annual cycle of sediment turnover by the echiuran worm Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman) in a Scottish sea loch. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 238(2), 209-223.

Hughes, D.J., Burrows, M.T. & Poloczanska, E.S., 2005. Ecology of the reef-building tubeworm Serpula vermicularis in Scottish sea lochs http://www.sams.ac.uk/research/departments/ecology/ecology-projects/reef-ecology/researchproject.2007-04-18.1807501867, 2008-11-12

Hughes, D.J., Poloczanska, E.S. & Dodd, J., 2008. Survivorship and tube growth of reef-building Serpula vermicularis (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) in two Scottish sea lochs Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 18 (2), 117-729. DOI https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.839

Hughes, J.A. & Gooday, A.J., 2004. Associations between living benthic foraminifera and dead tests of Syringammina fragilissima (Xenophyophorea) in the Darwin Mounds region (NE Atlantic). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 51 (11), 1741-1758. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.004

Hughes, R.G. & Gerdol, V., 1997. Factors affecting the distribution of the amphipod Corophium volutator in two estuaries in south-east England. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 621-627.

Hughes, R.G., 1977. Aspects of the biology and life-history of Nemertesia antennina (L.) (Hydrozoa: Plumulariidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 57, 641-657.

Hughes, R.G., 1978. Life-histories and abundance of epizoites of the hydroid Nemertesia antennina (L.) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 313-332.

Hughes, R.G., 1979. The dispersal and dispersion of some epizoites of the hydroid Nemertesia antennina (L.) Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 59, 879-887.

Hughes, R.G., 1988. Dispersal by benthic invertebrates: the in situ swimming behaviour of the amphipod Corophium volutator. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 68, 565-579.

Hughes, R., 1983. The life-history of Tubularia indivisa (Hydrozoa: Tubulariidae) with observations on the status of T. ceratogyne. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 63 (2), 467-479.

Hughes, R.G., Lloyd, D., Ball, L., Emson, D., 2000. The effects of the polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the distribution and transplantation success of Zostera noltii. Helgoland Marine Research, 54, 129-136.

Hughes, R.N. & Burrows, M.T., 1993. Predatory behaviour of the intertidal snail, Nucella lapillus, and its effect on community structure. In Mutalism ands community organization: behavioural, theoretical and food-Web approaches, (ed. H. Kawanabe, J.E. Cohen, K. Iwasaki), pp. 63-83. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hughes, R.N. & Drewett, D., 1985. A comparison of foraging behaviour of dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus (L.), feeding on barnacles or mussels on the shore. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 51, 73-77.

Hughes, S.J.M., Jones, D.O.B., Hauton, C., Gates, A.R. & Hawkins, L.E., 2010. An assessment of drilling disturbance on Echinus acutus var. norvegicus based on in-situ observations and experiments using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 395 (1), 37-47. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.08.012

Hughes, S.J.M., Ruhl, H.A., Hawkins, L.E., Hauton, C., Boorman, B. & Billett, D.S.M., 2011. Deep-sea echinoderm oxygen consumption rates and an interclass comparison of metabolic rates in Asteroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea and Ophiuroidea. Journal of Experimental Biology, 214 (15), 2512-2521. DOI https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.055954

Hui, E. & Moyse, J., 1987. Settlement patterns and competition for space. In Barnacle Biology, (ed. A.J. Southward), pp. 363-376. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.[Crustacean Issues 5.]

Hulathduwa, Y.D. & Brown, K.M., 2006. Relative importance of hydrocarbon pollutants, salinity and tidal height in colonization of oyster reefs. Marine Environmental Research, 62 (4), 301-314.

Hull, S., 1997. Seasonal changes in diversity and abundance of ostracodes on four species of intertidal algae with differing structural complexity. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 161, 71-82.

Humborstad, O.-B., Davis, M.W. & Lokkeborg, S., 2009. Reflex impairment as a measure of vitality and survival potential of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). In Fishery Bulletin, 107 (3) pp. 395-402.

Humm, H.J. & Bert, T.M., 1979. The Benthic Marine Algae of Timbalier Bay, Louisiana. Rice Institute Pamphlet-Rice University Studies, 65 (4), 379-399.

Hummel, H. & Bogaards, R.H., 1989. Changes in the reproductive cycle of the cockle Cerastoderma edule after disturbance by means of tidal manipulation. In Proceedings of the 23rd European Marine Biology Symposium, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, 5-9 September 1988. Reproduction, Genetics and Distribution of Marine Organisms, (ed. J.S. Ryland & P.A. Tyler), p.133-136. Denmark: Olsen & Olsen.

Hummel, H., Amiard, J.C., Amiard-Triquet, C., Bogaards, R.H., Lohr, A.J. & Coutaud, G., 2001. A comparison of the ecophysiological response on copper in Baltic clams from different populations in Europe. Vie Et Milieu-Life and Environment, 51 (4), 195-204.

Hummel, H., Groeneveld, J.P., Nieuwenhuize, J., van Liere, J.M., Bogaards, R.H. & de Wolf, L., 1989. Relationship between PCB concentrations and reproduction in mussels Mytilus edulis. In Fifth International Symposium on Responses of Marine Organisms to Pollutants, 12-14 April 1989, Plymouth (ed. M.N. Moore & J. Stegeman). Marine Environmental Research, 28, 489-493.

Hummel, H., Magni, P., Amiard-Triquet, C., Rainglet, F., Modderman, R., van Duijn, Y., Herssevoort, M., de Jong, J., Snitsevorg, L., Ytsma, M., Roelof B. & de Wolf, L., 1998. Influence of the level of oxygenation in sediment and water on copper bioavailability to marine bivalves: laboratory experiments and translocation experiments in the field. Hydrobiologia, 374, 297-310. DOI https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1017015504106

Humphreys, J., Caldow, R.W., McGrorty, S., West, A.D. & Jensen, A.C., 2007. Population dynamics of naturalised Manila clams Ruditapes philippinarum in British coastal waters. Marine Biology, 151 (6), 2255-2270.

Hunnam, P. & Brown, G., 1975. Sublittoral nudibranch mollusca (sea slugs) in Pembrokeshire waters. Field Studies, 4, 131-159.

Hunt, H.L. & Scheibling, R.E., 1998. Effects of whelk (Nucella lapillus (L.)) predation on mussel (Mytilus trossulus (Gould), M. edulis (L.)) assemblages in tidepools and on emergent rock on a wave exposed rocky shore in Nova Scotia, Canada. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 226, 87-113.

Hunt, J.D., 1925. The food of the bottom fauna of the Plymouth fishing grounds. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 13, 560-599.

Hunter, D.A., Goessler, W. & Francesconi, K.A., 1998. Uptake of arsenate, trimethylarsine oxide, and arsenobetaine by the shrimp Crangon crangon. Marine Biology, 131, 543-552.

Hunter, E. & Hughes, R.N., 1994. Influence of temperature, food ration and genotype on zooid size in Celleporella hyalina (L.). In Proceedings of the 9th International Bryozoology Conference, Swansea, 1992. Biology and Palaeobiology of Bryozoans (ed. P.J. Hayward, J.S. Ryland & P.D. Taylor), pp. 83-86. Fredensborg: Olsen & Olsen.

Hunter, E., 1999. Biology of the European spiny lobster, Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) (Decapoda, Palinuroidea) Crustaceana, 72, 545 - 565.

Hunter, E., Buckley, A.A., Stewart, C. & Metcalfe, J.D., 2005. Migratory behaviour of the thornback ray, Raja clavata, in the southern North Sea. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, 85, 1095-1105.

Hunter, E., Shackley, S. E. & Bennett, D. B., 1996. Recent studies on the crawfish Palinurus elephas in South Wales and Cornwall. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 76, 963-983.

Hunter, J., & Arthur, D.R., 1978. Some aspects of the ecology of Peloscolex benedeni Udekem (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) in the Thames estuary. Estuarine and Coastal Marine Science, 6, 197-208.

Hunter, T., 1989. Suspension feeding in oscillating flow: the effect of colony morphology and flow regime on plankton capture by the hydroid Obelia longissima. Biological Bulletin, 176, 41-49.

Huntington, T., Roberts, H., Cousins, N., Pitta, V., Marchesi, N., Sanmamed, A. & Brockie, N., 2006. Some Aspects of the Environmental Impact of Aquaculture in Sensitive Areas. Report to the DG Fish and Maritime Affairs of the European Commission. Poseidon Aquatic Resource Management Ltd.

Hurd, C. & Dring, M., 1990. Phosphate uptake by intertidal algae in relation to zonation and season. Marine Biology, 107 (2), 281-289.

Hurd, C.L., 2000. Water motion, marine macroalgal physiology, and production. Journal of Phycology, 36 (3), 453-472.

Hurd, C.L. & Dring, M., 1991. Desiccation and phosphate uptake by intertidal fucoid algae in relation to zonation. British Phycological Journal, 26 (4), 327-333.

Hureau, J.C. & Monod, T., (ed.) 1973. Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean. Paris: Unesco

Hurlbut, C.J., 1991. Larval substratum selection and post-settlement mortality as determinants of the distribution of two bryozoans. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 147, 103-119.

Hurley, D.E., 1959. Notes on the ecology and environmental adaptations of the terrestrial Amphipoda. Pacific Science, 13, 107-129.

Hurley, D.E., 1968. Transition from water to land in amphipod crustaceans. American Zoologist, 8, 327-353.

Husa, V., 2007. Effects of increased sea temperatures on macro algae. Marine Research News, 14, 1-2.

Husa, V., Kutti, T., Ervik, A., Sjøtun, K., Hansen, P.K. & Aure, J., 2014. Regional impact from fin-fish farming in an intensive production area (Hardangerfjord, Norway). Marine Biology Research, 10 (3), 241-252.

Hutchings, J.A. & Baum, J.K., 2005. Measuring marine fish biodiversity: temporal changes in abundance, life history and demography. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 360, 315-338.

Hutchings, J.A. & Myers, R.A., 1994. What can be learned from the collapse of a renewable resource? Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, of Newfoundland and Labrador. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51, 2126-2146.

Hutchings, J.A. & Reynolds, J.D., 2004. Marine Fish Population Collapses: Consequences for Recovery and Extinction Risk. BioScience, 54(4), 297–309

Hutchings, J.A., 2005. Life history consequences of overexploitation to population recovery in Northwest Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 62, 824-832.

Hutchings, J.A., Bishop, T.D. & McGregor-Shaw, C.R., 1999. Spawning behaviour of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua: evidence of mate competition and mate choice in a broadcast spawner. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 56(1), 97-104.

Hutchings, P., 1973a. Age structure and spawning of a Northumberland population of Melinna cristata (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae). Marine Biology, 18 (3), 218-227.

Hutchings, P., 1973b. Gametogenesis in a Northumberland population of the polychaete Melinna cristata. Marine Biology, 18 (3), 199-211.

Hutchins, D. A., Teyssié, J. L., Boisson, F., Fowler, S. W. & Fisher, N. S., 1996. Temperature effects on uptake and retention of contaminant radionuclides and trace metals by the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis. Marine Environmental Research, 41 (4), 363-378. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(95)00026-7

Hutchins, D.A., Stupakoff, I. & Fisher, N.S., 1996. Temperature effects on accumulation and retention of radionuclides in the sea star, Asterias forbesi: implications for contaminated northern waters. Marine Biology, 125 (4), 701-706. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349252

Hutchins, D.A., Stupakoff, I., Hook, S., Luoma, S.N. & Fisher, N.S., 1998. Effects of Arctic temperatures on distribution and retention of the nuclear waste radionuclides ²⁴¹Am, ⁵⁷Co and ¹³⁷Cs in the bioindicator bivalve Macoma balthica. Marine Environmental Research, 45, 17-28.

Hutchins, D.A., Teyssié, J-L., Boisson, F., Fowler, S.W., & Fisher, N.S., 1996. Temperature effects on uptake and retention of contaminant radionuclides and trace metals by the brittle star Ophiothrix fragilis. Marine Environmental Research, 41, 363-378.

Hutchinson, S. & Hawkins, L.E., 1992. Quantification of the physiological responses of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis L. to temperature and salinity. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 58, 215-226.

Hutchison, Z.L., Hendrick, V.J., Burrows, M.T., Wilson, B. & Last, K.S., 2016. Buried Alive: The Behavioural Response of the Mussels, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis to Sudden Burial by Sediment. PLoS ONE, 11 (3), e0151471.

Huthnance, J., 2010. Ocean Processes Feeder Report. London, DEFRA on behalf of the United Kingdom Marine Monitoring and Assessment Strategy (UKMMAS) Community.

Huthnance, J., 2010. Temperature and salinity, in: Charting the Progress 2: Ocean processes feeder report, section 3.2. (eds. Buckley, P., et al.): UKMMAS, Defra, London.

Huvenne, V.A.I., Bett, B.J., Masson, D.G., Le Bas, T.P. & Wheeler, A.J., 2016. Effectiveness of a deep-sea cold-water coral Marine Protected Area, following eight years of fisheries closure. Biological Conservation, 200, 60-69. DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.05.030

Huxham, M. & Richards, M., 2003. Can postlarval bivalves select sediment type during settlement? A field test with Macoma balthica (L.) and Cerastoderma edule (L.). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 288 (2), 279-293.

Huxham, M., Raffaelli, D. & Pike, A.W., 1995. The effect of larval trematodes on the growth and burrowing behaviour of Hydrobia ulvae (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia) in the Ythan estuary, N.E. Scotland. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 185, 1-17.

Huys, R., Vincx, M., Herman, R., and Heip, C. 1984. Het meiobenthos vande dumpingszone van titaandioxide-afual in de Nederlandre kustwateren. Report of the Marine Biology Section, State University of Gent. 102pp

Hyland, J.L., Hoffman, E.J. & Phelps, D.K., 1985. Differential responses of two nearshore infaunal assemblages to experimental petroleum additions. Journal of Marine Research, 43 (2), 365-394.

Hylland, K., Ruus, A., Grung, M. & Green, N., 2009. Relationships Between Physiology, Tissue Contaminants, and Biomarker Responses in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua L.). Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 72(3), 226 - 233.

Hylland, K., Sköld, M., Gunnarsson, J.S. & Skei, J., 1996. Interactions between eutrophication and contaminants. IV. Effects on sediment-dwelling organisms. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 33, 90-99.

Hylleberg, J., 1975. The effect of salinity and temperature on egestion in mud snails (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae). Oecologia, 21, 279-289.

Hyman, L.V., 1955. The Invertebrates: Vol. IV. Echinodermata. The coelomate Bilateria. New York: McGraw Hill.

Hyman, L.V., 1959. The Invertebrates, vol. V. Smaller coelomate groups. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Hyslop B.T. & Davies, M.S., 1998. Evidence for abrasion and enhanced growth of Ulva lactuca L. in the presence of colliery waste particles. Environmental Pollution, 101 (1), 117-121.

Hyslop, B.T., Davies, M.S., Arthur, W., Gazey, N.J. & Holroyd, S., 1997. Effects of colliery waste on littoral communities in north-east England. Environmental Pollution, 96 (3), 383-400.